1. Nationalist and revolution sweep the west- Chapter 8
World History- Mr. Taylor

2. Latin American people win independence- Section 1
Colonial Society Divided
Read Setting the Stage- pg.247
Peninsulares- People who were born in Spain. Only group that could hold high office in colonial govt.
Creoles- Spaniards born in Latin America. Could not hold high political offices. Could become officers in the military.
Together these two controlled land wealth and power in the Sp. Colonies
Mulattos- Mixed European and African or native ancestory- Bottom of the social Ladder

3. Latin American people win independence- Section 1
Revolutions in America- Read Pg.248
Revolution in Haiti-
Saint Dominique- 500,000 enslaved Africans worked on French Plantations.
White masters used brutal methods and working conditions.
During the French Rev., oppressed people of the French colony of Haiti rose up.
,000 Africans rose in revolt
Toussaint L’Overture- Leader Haiti was free
Jean-Jacques Dessalines
1804- Haiti was INDEPENDENT
Read Page 248

4. CREOLES LEAD INDEPENDENCE
Simon Boliver- A wealthy Venezuela Creole
Venezuela Independence 1821
Jose San Martin- A creole from Argentina
1822- The two men met in Ecuador
1824- Grand Colombia gains Independence-
Read page 249-

5. MEXICO ENDS SPANISH RULE
1810- Padre Miguel Hidalgo
Poor but well-educated
Believed in the Enlightenment
Issued a call for revolution against Spain
80,000 man army marched on Mexico City
Put down by the Spanish
Jose Morales
1812- Morales led the revolution
1815- Morales was defeated by Spanish forces
1821 Mexico gains Independence from Spain- pg.251
1823- Central America gains independence from Mexico

7. EUROPE FACES REVOLUTION-Sect. 2
Read Setting the Stage-pg 253
Personal experiences, education level, family influence.
Three schools of political thought struggled for supremacy in Europe during the first half of the 1800s.
Conservative—usually wealthy property owners and nobility, who wanted to see very little change and argued for protecting the traditional monarchies of Europe.
Liberal—mostly middle-class business leaders and merchants, who wanted to give more power to elected parliaments.
Radical—favored drastic changes to extend democracy to all people. Practice the ideals of the Fr. Rev.

8. Nationalism develops
Nationalism is the belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common history and culture.
Nationalism attracted people from all political schools and blurred the line between each philosophies.
When a nation develops its own independent government, it becomes a nation-state.
A nation-state defends the nation’s territory and way of life.
Read Page 255

9. Nationalists challenge conservative power
The first people to win self- rule were the Greeks.
The Ottomans controlled most of the Balkans.
Greeks kept ancient history and culture alive.
1821- Greeks rebelled against the Turks
Greek cause was popular throughout Europe
Russia- Greece was Greek Orthodox
Europe and America loved the Greek Culture
Ottomans were Muslim
Greek Independence in help from Russia, Br. And Fr.

10. 1830’s uprisings Congress of Vienna was breaking down
Nationalists riots broke out against Dutch rule in Belgium
1830- Dutch declare Independence from Belgium
Uprisings in Poland and Italy were put down by Metternich
1848- Ethnic uprisings erupted throughout Europe- Austria, Hungary and Czech.
Read page 256

12. RADICALS CHANGE FRANCE
1830- Charles X tries to reestablish a complete monarchy.
Sparked riots in Paris forcing Charles to flee to Britain.
Replaced by Louis-Philippe who supported liberal reforms
1848- Louis Philippi fell from popular favor- overthrown by Paris mob
Establishment of the third Republic
1848- Moderate Constitution was drawn up- Louis-Napoleon was elected President
1852- He became emperor
Read Page 256