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What are hydrocarbons? Baseline (Aiming for 4): Describe the composition of crude oil. State a definition of a hydrocarbon. State a definition of an alkane. Further (Aiming for 6): Describe how to separate crude oil into fractions in a school laboratory. Classify a hydrocarbon as an alkane. State the names and describe the first four alkanes Challenge (Aiming for 8): Explain why fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil into fractions. Apply a general formula to generate a molecular formula and a displayed formula for a straight-chain alkane. Classify and justify the classification of a chemical as an alkane.
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Homework teccscience.co.uk Organic chemistry lesson 1 homework sheet Either write the answers in your book, on paper, print the worksheet yourself or see me for a copy
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Alkane Molecular formula Displayed formula Molecular model Methane ethane propane butane
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Alkane Molecular formula Displayed formula Molecular model Methane ethane propane butane CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H8
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Distillation of crude oil
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Exam question Crude oil is a mixture of many saturated hydrocarbons. They can be separated into fractions by the process of fractional distillation. State what is meant by: (i) hydrocarbon (2) (ii) saturated (1) (iii) fraction (Total 4 marks)
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Mark scheme (i) carbon and hydrogen only or compound of for 1 mark each 2 (ii) single bonds only or no double bonds etc or contains maximum number of hydrogen atoms for 1 mark 1 (iii) molecules of similar chain length similar boiling points limited range of boiling points etc any 1 for 1 mark [4]
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Diesel oil is obtained from crude oil
Diesel oil is obtained from crude oil. It can be used as a fuel for car engines. The diagram below represents a compound found in diesel oil. (a) What is the formula of this compound? (1) (b) Each of the lines on the diagram above represents a covalent bond. What is a covalent bond? (2) (Total 3 marks)
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Mark scheme (a) C16 H34 for 1 mark 1 (b) electron gains 1 mark
but shared electrons gains 2 marks 2 [3]
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