1. What are hydrocarbons?
Baseline (Aiming for 4): Describe the composition of crude oil. State a definition of a hydrocarbon. State a definition of an alkane.
Further (Aiming for 6): Describe how to separate crude oil into fractions in a school laboratory. Classify a hydrocarbon as an alkane. State the names and describe the first four alkanes
Challenge (Aiming for 8): Explain why fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil into fractions. Apply a general formula to generate a molecular formula and a displayed formula for a straight-chain alkane. Classify and justify the classification of a chemical as an alkane.

2. Homework
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Organic chemistry lesson 1 homework sheet
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3. Alkane
Molecular formula
Displayed formula
Molecular model
Methane
ethane
propane
butane

4. Alkane
Molecular formula
Displayed formula
Molecular model
Methane
ethane
propane
butane
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H8

5. Distillation of crude oil

6. Exam question
Crude oil is a mixture of many saturated hydrocarbons. They can be separated into fractions by the process of fractional distillation.
          State what is meant by:
(i)      hydrocarbon
(2)
(ii)      saturated
(1)
(iii)     fraction
(Total 4 marks)

7. Mark scheme
(i) carbon and hydrogen only or compound of for 1 mark each 2 (ii) single bonds only or no double bonds etc or contains maximum number of hydrogen atoms for 1 mark 1 (iii) molecules of similar chain length similar boiling points limited range of boiling points etc any 1 for 1 mark [4]

8. Diesel oil is obtained from crude oil
Diesel oil is obtained from crude oil. It can be used as a fuel for car engines. The diagram below represents a compound found in diesel oil.
(a)     What is the formula of this compound?
(1)
(b)     Each of the lines on the diagram above represents a covalent bond.
What is a covalent bond?
(2)
(Total 3 marks)

9. Mark scheme (a) C16 H34 for 1 mark 1 (b) electron gains 1 mark
          but shared electrons
gains 2 marks 2
[3]