1. What was the impact of war in the Netherlands on English foreign policies?
Historians views
What happened in the Netherlands?
What was Elizabethan policy?
What was the impact?

4. Find out who the following people were/what they did:
William of Orange (the Silent)
Duke of Alba
Don John
Don Antonio
Duke of Parma
Henry III
Anjou
Leicester
Stanley and Yorke

5. Who were they?
William of Orange (the Silent) leader of the Dutch rebels until his assassination in 1584
Duke of Alba – Governor commander Spanish forces in Netherlands until 1573
(Luis de Requesens y Zúñiga – Governor )
Don John Governor of Netherlands (Phillip II’s half brother)
Duke of Parma - Governor of Netherlands
Don Antonio – claimed Portuguese throne
Henry III King of France
Anjou – French suitor to Elizabeth, supported Dutch rebels
Leicester – commanded English expedition 1585, failed
Stanley and Yorke English deserters who joined Parma

6. What did they do?
William of Orange (the Silent) leader of the Dutch rebels until his assassination in 1584
Duke of Alba – repressive, brutal, high taxation
(Luis de Requesens y Zúñiga – Governor )
Don John – accepted then broke the Pacification of Ghent, had plans to help Mary Q/S
Don Antonio – claimed Portuguese throne
Parma - Governor of Netherlands
Henry III King of France
Anjou – French suitor to Elizabeth, supported Dutch rebels
Leicester – commanded English expedition 1585
Stanley and Yorke English deserters who joined Parma

7. Assassination of William of Orange

8. Find the meaning of the following:
Sea Beggars
Pacification of Ghent
Union of Utrecht
Union of Arras
Catholic League
Treaty of Nonsuch

9. Find the meaning of the following:
Sea Beggars – Dutch pirates expelled from England 1572
Pacification of Ghent 1576 – alliance of Protestant Dutch to remove Spanish influence form Netherlands following ‘Spanish Fury’ in Antwerp
Union of Utrecht Jan united the northern Dutch provinces (v Spain)
Union of Arras Jan 1579 – southern states loyal to Spain
Catholic League in France – led by Guise against Henry III, allied with Philip of Spain
Treaty of Nonsuch 1585 agreed to help rebels with troops and money and gain Brill and Flushing in return, Philip took it as an act of war

10. Union of Utrecht – blue
Union of Arras - yellow

11. Draw a blank graph:
Along the bottom, write each of Elizabeth’s actions towards the Netherlands.
Write numbers from 0-10 on the other axis.
For EACH event, draw 2 bars.
The first bar should be for how anti-Spanish this action was.
The second bar should be for how successful this action was.

12. Key questions and historiography
What were the aims of Elizabeth’s policy towards the Netherlands?
Was Elizabeth’s policy toward the Netherlands consistent?
Was Elizabeth’s policy successful?

13. Booklet page 6: What were the aims of English Foreign Policy?
Did Elizabeth and Philip want to got to war between 1572 and 1584? Give evidence
Why did their relationship worsen?
What were Elizabeth’s aims towards the Netherlands?
Why didn’t she want to drive the Spanish out of the Netherlands completely?
Who criticised her stance towards the Netherlands at the time and why?
Guy says “Elizabeth remained unmoved [by her councillor’s demands for further intervention in the Netherlands]. Her policy – if the defensive expediency of can be dignified with that term – attempted to reconcile conflicting strategic, commercial and religious interests at minimum cost.” Explain this quote in your own words.

14. Booklet page 9 “Review” section
Why did Philip II see the English as a threat in this period?
Was France still a threat to Spain by 1585?
Why did Elizabeth intervene directly in the Netherlands in 1585?
In what ways and why were her aims still limited?

15. Key question 1: Was Elizabeth’s policy consistent?
Outline the policy/policies
Yes – consistent (include historians’ views)
No- inconsistent (include historians’ views)
Evaluation
Wernham: Yes consistent. Always wanted Netherlands to be semi autonomous but not for Spanish to leave altogether as this would leave the Netherlands open to French domination.
Wilson: Inconsistent: Too afraid of France and insincere in her desire to help rebels
MacCAffreyL Not totally consistent as she is reacting to events. Not powerful enough to actual shape events herself

16. Key question 1: Was Elizabeth’s policy successful?
Outline the policy/policies
Yes – successful (include historians’ views)
No- unsuccessful (include historians’ views)
Evaluation
Wernham: Yes – given aims
Wilson: No – Elizabeth fails to intervene successfully on behalf of the rebels and her failures lead to divisons among the rebels. Could have led to a friendly, independent Dutch Republic if she had been braver.
MacCaffrey: Some success. France never established control in Netherlands. She does help to secure the removal of Spanish troops in Intervention is just enough to prevent Spanish from establishing total domination, but she is not really in control of events.

17. Why did Anglo-Spanish relations deteriorate?
Details
Evaluation
Netherlands
Competition in the New World
Religion
France
Do you agree that Elizabeth herself was responsible for deterioration in Anglo-Spanish relations?