1. US History
Chapter 3.1

2. Objectives
To identify some of the significant changes brought about during Thomas Jefferson’s presidency.
To explain the causes and consequences of the War of 1812
To summarize the ways nationalism shaped American foreign policy, including the Monroe Doctrine.

3. Questions/Thoughts
Do you believe that Americans should have been optimistic about the prospects for their nation in the early 19th century?
What kind of things does a nation need in order to prosper?
“Why should we weep to sail in search of fortune? Cheer for the West the new and happy land.” - Ignatius Donnelly
What does the above quotation suggest to you about what could happen to the U.S. in the early 19th century?

5. Jefferson in 1800 Critical of John Adams and Federalists
Grabbing too much power
Leader of the Democratic-Republicans
Brutal campaign in 1800
Ultimately wins after a tie with Burr

6. Election of 1800 A deadlock created a dilemma
Burr and Jefferson were running mates but tied
House of Reps had to vote for president
Choose Jefferson – less scary
12th amendment passed
Electors cast votes for president and vice president
Proves USA is able to handle political change

7. Simplifying Government
Jeffersonian republicanism – Jefferson's theory of government states that the people should control the government and that a simple government best suited the people
Shrinks government
Cuts army size
Lower expenses on social functions
Halted expansion of navy
Rolls back Hamilton economics
Eliminates all internal taxes, reduces influence of central bank
Tries to reduce the role of Federalists in government
By 1803 most government bureaucracy was more even balanced between Federalists and Republicans
Jefferson Quote on Government

8. Supreme Court John Adams tries to fill the courts with Federalists
Republicans angered and argue that several late appointments were invalid
Marbury v Madison (1803)
Marbury was one of Adams appointments
Madison, Sec of State refuses to deliver papers
Chief Justice John Marshall declares Judiciary Act of unconsitutional

9. Significance of Marbury v Madison
Strengthened the Supreme Court
Able to declare and act of Congress unconstitutional
Becomes a cornerstone of American Law and Government

10. Real Estate Spain returns territory to France in 1762
Jefferson wants to purchase New Orleans as a port city
Napoleon gives up on empire expansion into America
Offers it for sale in 1803
Robert Livingston and James Monroe close deal for $15 million

11. Louisiana significance
Jefferson concerned that the purchase was unconstitutional
Jefferson believes that this will allow and “empire of liberty” to develop
Formalizes a treaty and Senate ratified it
The purchase more than doubles the size of the United States
Jefferson, who wanted to minimize and decentralize the government, just expanded its power!!!!

12. LEWIS & CLARK Jefferson is eager to have new territory explored.
1803 – appoints Meriwether Lewis to lead an expedition, who chooses William Clark as second in command
Lasts 2 years and 4 months
Significant because it showed that transcontinental travel was possible. Also showed that settlement of the west was possible.

13. Question
What were some of the significant changes brought about during Thomas Jefferson’s presidency?

14. Madison and the War of 1812 James Madison wins election of 1808
He is a republican
Jefferson had been able to stay away from conflicts with France and England
Enters USA into war with Britain to provide security for American commerce

15. Causes of war
Impressment: British practice of seizing American ships at sea, and “Impressing” them into the British navy
“War Hawks” from south and west demand war for after finding that Native Americans resisting westward expansion were being supplied with British arms.

16. War of 1812
Problems: Republican budget cuts leaves the military ill prepared
Britain was preoccupied with Napoleon in Europe
British take DC and burn the mansion down
Battle of New Orleans
Cements Andrew Jackson
Treaty of Ghent signed Christmas Eve 1814

17. Consequences of War of 1812
Ends the Federalist Party which had generally opposed war
Encourages growth of American industries to replace products no longer available from Britain
Confirmed status of USA as a free and independent nation

18. Question
What were the causes and consequences of the War of 1812?

19. Nationalism
Nationalism is the belief that national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns
Regional concerns included slavery in the south and tariffs in the north east
Idea put forth under John Quincy Adams

20. Territory and Boundaries
John Quincy Adams wanted two things
Security of the nation
Expansion of territory
Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817): England reduces Great Lakes fleet
Convention of 1818: fixed northern border at the 49th parallel
Reached a compromise with Britain to jointly occupy the Oregon Territory
Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 – transferred Florida to USA

21. Monroe Doctrine
Americans want to reduce European power in North America
1823 speech warns all European powers not to interfere with American affairs.
Becomes a basis for American foreign policy
Becomes an example of how the USA was becoming a stable nation.
Regional differences would soon challenge national unity

22. Question
Can you summarize the ways nationalism shaped American foreign policy, including the Monroe Doctrine?