1. Diversity in the plant kingdom
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

2. Bryophyta Small terrestrial plants restricted to damp habitats
Water is needed for fertilisation
Spores ensure dispersal
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

3. Bryophyta Hepaticae the liverworts Prostrate thallus with rhizoids
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

4. Bryophyta Musci the mosses Erect stem with leaflets +/- rhizoids
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

5. Filicinophyta the ferns
Water still needed for fertilisation
Spores ensure dispersal
Vascular plants
Lignified tissue (wood) may be present
Differentiated into: leaves, stem, roots, rhizome
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

6. Filicinophyta procosara.org/san_rafael_en,photo,64?PHPSESSI...
procosara.org/san_rafael_en,photo,64?PHPSESSI...

7. Coniferophyta the conifers
Vascular plants
Seed plants
Seeds contain a food store for an embryo inside protective coat
Seeds ensure dispersal
Naked seeds born in cones
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

8. Coniferophyta Araucaria sp. (Monkey-puzzle)
Araucaria sp. (Monkey-puzzle)

9. Angiospermophyta the flowering plants
Vascular plants
Seed plants
Seeds protected by an ovary which becomes a fruit
Fruit, a structure that encourages seed dispersal
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

10. Summary Feature Bryophyta Filicinophyta Coniferophyta Angiospermophyta
Common name
Mosses
Ferns
Conifers
Flowering plants
Leaves
Scales
Yes
Roots
Rhizoids
Vascular system No
Woody tissue
Small
Waxy cuticle
Damp habitats
Water for fertilisation
Seeds
Cones
Fruit
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

11. Dicotyledons & Monocotyledons
Angiosperms are divided into two groups
The basic distinguishing feature are embryonic leaves (coytledons)
Cotyledons are found in the seeds of these plants
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

12. Dicotyledon seed Seed coat or testa Cotyledons
acting as a food reserve
Plumule
(to become the first true leaf)
Radicle
(to become the first root)
Micropyle
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

13. Monocotyledon seed Seed coat Endosperm (food reserve) Cotyledon
Plumule
Radicle
Endosperm
(food reserve)
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

14. Dicots v Monocots – other differences
Dicotyledons
Monocotyledons
Tap roots and lateral branches
Fibrous adventitious roots
Net-veined leaves
Parallel-veined leaves
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

15. Dicots v Monocots – other differences
Dicotyledons
Monocotyledons
Vascular tissue in a ring round the stem
Vascular tissue scattered throughout stem
Flowers with
multiples
of 4 or
5 organs
of 3 organs
Vascular tissue
Pith
Epidermis
Cortex
Vascular tissue
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS