1. WARM UP – SEPTEMBER 15
Grab the guided notes and hand outs from the front table

2. UNIT 3: ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME
ANCIENT GREECE: GEOGRAPHY, DEMOCRACY AND CULTURE

3. Geography & Early Culture
Setting the Stage:
The geography of the ancient Greeks was considerably different than the previous cultures we have studied.

4. Where is Greece?

5. Ancient Greece

6. Geography & Early Culture
Geography Shapes Greek Life
Ancient Greece most consisted of a mountainous peninsula jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea
Over 2,000 Islands in the Aegean and Ionian Seas
The sea was to Greece what rivers were to Egypt and Mesopotamia
It was said that the Greeks did not live on the land but around the sea
The Greeks became master ship builders due to sea trade

7. Geography & Early Culture
Greece lacked natural resources such as farmland, timber, and precious metals
Rugged mountains covered 3/4ths of ancient Greece.
The mountains divided up Greece into several different territories and shaped Greek political life
Uneven terrain made travel difficult
Large scale irrigation was not possible
Land could not sustain a large population
Climate varied from 48 degrees F in winter to 80 degrees F in summer

8. Geography & Early Culture
Greek Culture
Due to the warm climate, the Greeks enjoyed and participated in outdoor activities
Due to terrain, the Greeks created city-states
Review: city-states operate much like independent countries
Due to city-states, the Greeks were a civilization but not an empire
The Greeks shared similarities in culture but politics and military differed by city

9. Geography & Early Culture
Greek epics, or narrative poems, celebrated heroic deeds and characters
Homer wrote the Iliad (story of the Trojan Wars) and the Odyssey

10. Geography & Early Culture
Built Triremes: sturdy ships with battering ram in front for battle

11. Geography & Early Culture
Greeks would pioneer democracy, philosophy, warfare, and architecture

12. GOVERNMENTS
City – States – cities and surrounding territory form a state
Each city-state had its own form of rule
Monarchy – single person, called a king, ruled
Aristocracy – rule by small group of noble, landowning families
Oligarchy – rule by few powerful people
Tyranny – powerful individuals, usually nobles or other wealthy citizens, seize control and rule

13. PERSIAN WARS MAP

14. GOVERNMENT Athens – rule by the people – First Direct Democracy
State ruled by its citizens
Rule is based on citizenship
Majority rule decides vote
Practiced in Athens by 500 BC

15. PERSIAN WARS Sparta – southern part of Greece –
Prominent city- state in Greece
Cut off from rest of Greece by the Gulf of Corinth
Military State – ruled by military
Most powerful army in Greece
All forms of personal expression discouraged
No value on arts, literature, or other artistic and intellectual pursuits
Valued duty, strength, and discipline over Freedom, individuality, beauty and learning
Assume leadership in the Persian Wars

16. PERSIAN WARS Persian Empire - powerful empire – modern day Iran
Began in 490 BC
Greeks defeat Persians, slaughtering 6,000 Persians in one single day
Ten years later – Persian forces advanced again
Themistocles – convinced Athenians to evacuate the city and fight at sea
Defeated Persians, weakening their navy, and leaving their leader unprotected

17. CONSEQUENCES OF PERSIAN WAR
*Athens emerges as a superpower and a leader of the Delian League
Delian League – alliance of Greek city –states
Athens entered its golden age – a time centered around an abundance of wealth and personal expression

18. ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY Expanded under the rule of Pericles
Pericles – took over rule of Athens after Themistocles
Three Goals:
to strengthen democracy
to hold and strengthen the empire
glorify Athens

19. GOAL ONE: STRONGER DEMOCRACY
Direct Democracy
Form of government in which citizens rule directly and NOT through representatives
*All government policies determined by an assembly (all members are male)
United States has a representative democracy

21. GOAL 2 and 3: STRENGTHEN AND GLORIFY ATHENS EMPIRE
Led Delian League
Built a strong navy
Used Delian League’s funds to buy gold, ivory, and marble
Began to pay artists, architects, and workers who used these materials

22. ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE
Parthenon- temple
23,000 sq. feet.
Built to honor Athena – goddess of wisdom and the protector of Athens
Contained examples of Greek Art that set standards for future generations of artists around the world

25. GREEK DRAMA Greeks built the first theaters
Theatrical productions were both an expression of civic pride and a tribute to the Gods

26. GREEK DRAMAS
1. COMEDY – slapstick situations and humor often made fun of politicians and respected people

27. GREEK DRAMAS
2. TRAGEDY – serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal.
contained a main character or tragic hero – usually an important person with extraordinary abilities
Tragic flaw usually caused the hero’s downfall
EX: Oedipus, Antigone

28. PART I: GREEK TRAGEDY You are going to write your own Greek Tragedy:
Your first paragraph should state who your main character is. It should be a person of high status or a hero. Tell me the name of the person and his status. Tell me a couple things about his/her life that shows that they have a high status in society.
Your second paragraph should tell me what extraordinary abilities your character has. What makes them so special?
Your third paragraph should tell me about what tragic flaw they have. The flaw should be a personal flaw such as the person is too jealous, or makes decisions too quickly without thinking things through.
Your fourth paragraph should explain an event that occurs that leads to the downfall of your character. This event should be a direct result of the person’s tragic flaw. An example would be that your character makes a quick decision and this leads them to lose all their money, leaving them with nothing.
PUT IN THE EFFORT TO MAKE YOUR TRAGEDY A STORY, BE CREATIVE WHEN COMING UP WITH YOUR MAIN CHARACTER, THEIR EXTRAORDINARY ABILITIES, FLAWS AND EVENT THAT LEADS TO THEIR DOWNFALL.

29. PART II: ADVERTISE YOUR TRAGEDY POSTER
Create a poster on computer paper that advertises your play –
Your poster should have the title of your play, a picture of your main character and a slogan that says something about the character’s flaw or mistake that leads to their downfall. List an actor on your poster that will play your main character (must be in color)

30. Warm Up – February 15
Grab the article from the front table, read and answer the following questions on a post it:
1. How did Buddhism spread to China?
2. What classes were intrigued by the spirituality of Buddhism?
3. What religious traditions or beliefs was Buddhism mixed with?
4. Why did China’s ruling class eventually turn against Buddhism?

31. DBQ Practice
Based on the following documents, analyze the responses to the spread of Buddhism in China. What additional kind of document would you need to evaluate the extent of Buddhism’s appeal in China?
Documents 2 and 3 – Support the spread of Buddhism in China
Documents 4 and 6 Scrutinize it
Documents 1 and 5 neither encourage nor discourage it but provide a third perspective on how it should be dealt with.