1. Tang & Song China Chinese Buddhist monk Xuanzang
spreads Buddhism to Tibet

2. Post Han Sui dynasty – return to dynastic imperialism / exams
Period of disunity
Decline of Confucian bureaucracy
Buddhism enters & flourishes (why?)
Sui dynasty – return to dynastic imperialism / exams
Brief & violent – assassinations of both main emperors

4. Tang dynasty (618-907 CE) Li Yuan secures frontiers
extends empire into Tibet, Manchuria & Vietnam – impact?
Korea a tributary kingdom
Importance of Buddhism leads to higher status for women
Chinese weapons

5. Civil Servant system
Rulers restored Confucian imperial bureaucracy
Bureau of Censors evaluated all levels of bureaucracy
Examinations become more regular & determine rank
(examinations on Confucian works)

6. Tang Religious issues
Tang rulers patronized Mah. Buddhist monasteries and Confucian schools
Monasteries increased to 50,000!
Monasteries untaxed; housed anyone
Resented by Daoists & Confucians
Later Emperor Wu began suppression of Buddhism & recovery of lands

7. “The three teachings are one!”
Confucius,
Laozi,
Buddha
(Zhu Xi – Neo-Confucian philosophy)

8. Developments Tang Grand Canal * Li Bo - poet Commercial shipping
Early Junks
Chang’an - Capital city of 2 million!
State funded irrigation & canals
Distribution of lands to peasants
Better status for women

9. Tang decline Disruptions in royal family Empress Wu
Later Emperor’s concubine issue
Confucian discontent with powerful women
A failed rebellion – An Lushan
Nomads…regional govts/warlords

10. %

11. Song Dynasty (960-1279) Partial restoration of empire
Civil servants (scholar-gentry) limited milit growth; Exams continued but easier
Bureaucracy became larger & less efficient though more open to lower classes
Public welfare: clinics, retirement homes
Postal service; theater

12. Song Developments Gunpowder Junks – more sophisticated
Compasses for sea navigation
Abacus
Landscape painting at height
Cartography/atlas
Astronomical clock
Paper banknotes (1st in the world)

13. Technology, science, and engineering
Measuring distance and mechanical navigation
Mathematics and cartography
Movable type printing
Hydraulic engineering
Structural engineering and architecture
Archaeology
floating pontoon bridges

14. later Neo-Confucianism
Hostile to outside ideas
Tradition, social hierarchy, gender distinction more rigid – Male dominance
Women – restricted to household / no education
footbinding emerges- esp. among upper class

22. Decline & recentering & fall
Military weakness
Neighboring kingdoms demanded tribute
Chancellor Wang attempts reforms: tax, land, businesses
Govt conflict/struggle

23. Rise of Jin Empire (Jurchens/Manchurians)
Conquered Liao
Attacked Song, capt. Kaifeng (capital)
Established “Beijing” as capital of Jin
Fought Song; forced treaty
Jin elite who moved into N. China became acculturated

24. Southern Song ( )
Retreats below the Yangtze river because of the expansion of the Jin
shipbuilding & maritime trade / permanent navy w/ catapults & gunpowder bombs
Eventually falls to the Mongols who conquer the Jin, then the Song
Although Jin had 70,000 men on 600 warships while Song had 3000 men on 120 warships – but Song better w/ bombs
Eventually grew dramatically

25. Southern Song

26. (Next Unit - Enter
the Mongols)

27. Korea
How did China impact?
How did Korea develop differently?

28. Korea
China – writing, Buddhism, Confucianism, wood block printing, movable type
Diff: writing system simplified to syllabic symbols
Unified towards end of Tang
Koryo family
Friendly with Song because of fear of neighboring states (Liao)

29. Vietnam
How did China impact?
How did Vietnam develop differently?

30. Vietnam
Eastern part of southeast Asia: Annam & Champa (parts developed with diff. influences)
China  Annam: Buddhism, Confucianism, rice
Diff:
Champa influenced by India & Malaysia through Indian Ocean trade; contrib. “champa rice”
Higher status for women – NO FOOTBINDING!
Early – tribute of Tang; later: friendly with Song

31. Japan
How did China impact?
How did Japan develop differently?

32. Japan
Archipelago; only 11% arable land!
China: Buddhism (Zen), Confucianism, government structure, building techniques; Mandate of Heaven
Diff:
Ceremonial emperor (tenno)
No walled cities

33. Medieval Feudalism Western Europe Pope? King/kingdom High lords/barons
Counts
Knights
Japan
Emperor-ceremonial
Shogun/shogunate
Daimyo
Bushi
Samurai

34. Chivalry & Bushido
What common values and expectations did these 2 codes of conduct have?
To whom did the codes apply?
Why did the codes develop?

35. Samurai fighting the Mongols

36. Influenced by Confucianism 義 – Gi – Rectitude 勇 – Yū – Courage
仁 – Jin – Benevolence
礼 – Rei – Respect
誠 – Makoto or 信 - Shin– Honesty
名誉 – Meiyo – Honor, Glory
忠義 – Chū – Loyalty
Others that are sometimes added to these:
孝 - Kō - Filial piety
智 - Chi - Wisdom
悌 - Tei - Care for the aged
-Translations from: Random House's Japanese-English, English-Japanese Dictionary
Influenced by
Confucianism