1. Management approaches for CEAFM
“a fisheries perspective”

2. Conventional fisheries management………
Target resource species orientated fisheries management which involves imposing controls on either the amount of fishing or the quantity of fish caught, or both.
Source: King M 2009, Workshop materials, SPC

3. However, a fishery is part of an ecosystem …
The ecosystem will be affected by both fisheries and non-fisheries impacts.
Source: King M 2009, Workshop materials, SPC

4. Fisheries managers take on impacts………
It is pointless to address the problem of depleted fish stocks by reducing fishing effort, restricting catches and imposing size limits if the key threats to their recovery are degraded ecosystems.
Apia Policy 2008

5. Fisheries management approaches
Ineffective controls
Monitoring and enforcement
Commitment
Community-based Fisheries Management (CBFM)/Co-management
CBFM is managing fish stocks (fish and shell fish) of lagoons and reefs by local communities with government providing supporting services
To target fishing communities, being resource users to take charge for responsible exploitation and management of their marine environment and its resources.
Principles
Maximum community participation
High motivation
A management system that is demand based
Development of alternative sources of seafood

6. CBFM General approach Undertakings by Fisheries Authority
Conducting base line study in MPA
Running training on aquaculture
Help in developing community rules into fisheries by-laws
Assist with the establishment of minimum size limits
Running community training
Develop alternatives
i. Community workshops
ii. Fisheries Advisory Committee
iii. Approval of the Community
Fisheries Management Plan
Undertakings by community-
Establishment of MPA
Establishment of Aquaculture
Setting community rules on fish size limits
Monitoring and enforcement of MPA and community rules
Support undertakings

8. General management practices
Management tools
Protected area, fisheries reserve, MPAs, MMAs
Restricted fishing areas
Gear restrictions
Rotational/Seasonal closures
Permits/licensing
Size restrictions
Ban destructive fishing methods
Fisheries legislations
Alternative livelihood
Special Management Areas

9. Implementing the CEAFM

10. Implementing the Community-based Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (CEAFM)
Represents a combination of three different perspectives
Fisheries management
Ecosystem management
Community based management
The management of fisheries, within an ecosystem context, by local communities, working with government and other partners

11. Implementing the CEAFM
A generalised SPC process for CEAFM
Key principles for CEAFM
Simple process
Culturally appropriate
Motivation
Maximum participation
Traditional knowledge
Science to support community objectives
Consultative multi-disciplinary group
Demand-based
Adopt a precautionary approach
Manage human activities
Provide alternatives
Formal or legal basis for CEAFM

12. For example……..
Marshall Islands

13. American Samoa Proposed model/approach Executive Order &
3. Village Fisheries Management Advisory Committee
Draft Community Fisheries Management Plan
2a. Community Consultation
Participatory approach
(problems, causes, effects, solutions, actions, who?)
1. First Meeting with Village Council
2. Group Meetings with the three targeted groups – Matai, Women, Aumaga
4. Village Council Meeting
Either rejects or approves plan
Community & DMWR for Implementation
OUTREACH SITE VISITS MONITORING ENFORCEMENT WORKSHOPS/TRAINING
6. Program Monitoring and Evaluation
Executive Order
&
CFMP Regulation Amendment
ECOS
Advisory
Committee
American Samoa
Proposed model/approach

14. Constraints
Lack of appreciation of the vital role of marine ecosystems goods and services
government priorities often lie with commercial fisheries that provide foreign exchange. Subsistence fisheries provide food security, on-going health benefits, reduced requirements for imports of less healthy foods.
Lack of governance and lack of enforcement of existing regulations
Due to lack of funds, fisheries regulations are poorly enforced in fishing communities that are distributed over relatively long coastlines and on many smaller islands.
Lack of cooperation between the government agencies that must be involved
Lack of relevant legislation
Lack of funds/resources

15. Summary……… Precautionary approach
Adaptive management (as information becomes available)
CBFM critical
Effective monitoring and enforcement of management controls
Collaborations
Government, NGOs, communities, institutions etc….
Expanding the management base
Legal framework
Community support
Alternatives
Science etc….

16. Take-home message Devise a workable model/approach CEAFM Alternatives
Principles etc..
CEAFM
is a process not an event and its implementation is an ongoing task that will continue to involve authorities and community stakeholders as new issues and threats become apparent.
Alternatives