1. Interest Grabber Feel the Burn
Section 9-1
Feel the Burn
Do you like to run, bike, or swim? These all are good ways to exercise. When you exercise, your body uses oxygen to get energy from glucose, a six-carbon sugar.
1. How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slow run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run?
2. What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes in how you feel?
3. Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could you keep up this pace for a much longer distance? Explain your answer.

2. Section Outline 9–1 Chemical Pathways A. Chemical Energy and Food
B. Overview of Cellular Respiration
C. Glycolysis
1. ATP Production
2. NADH Production
D. Fermentation
1. Alcoholic Fermentation
2. Lactic Acid Fermentation

3. Section Outline 9–2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
A. The Krebs Cycle
B. Electron Transport
C. The Totals
D. Energy and Exercise
1. Quick Energy
2. Long-Term Energy
E. Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

4. Figure 9–2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview
Section 9-1
Mitochondrion
Electrons carried in NADH
Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2
Pyruvic acid
Glucose
Electron Transport Chain
Krebs Cycle
Glycolysis
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm

5. Fermentation (without oxygen)
Chemical Pathways
Section 9-1
Glucose
Krebs cycle
Electron transport
Glycolysis
Alcohol or lactic acid
Fermentation (without oxygen)

6. Electron Transport Chain
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Cellular Respiration
Glucose (C6H1206) +
Oxygen (02)
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2) +
Water
(H2O)

7. To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron transport chain

8. To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron transport chain

9. To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron transport chain

10. Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid Production
Mitochondrion

11. Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid Production
Mitochondrion

12. Figure 9–7 Electron Transport Chain
Section 9-2
Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement
Channel
Mitochondrion
Intermembrane
Space
ATP synthase
Inner
Membrane
Matrix
ATP Production

13. WHAT IF THERE ISN’T ANY OXYGEN?
CELLUAR RESPIRATION: Anaerobic (fermentation)
*yeast cells = alcohol production
*muscle cells = lactic acid production

14. Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation
Section 9-1
Lactic acid
Glucose
Pyruvic acid

15. Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation
Section 9-1
Lactic acid
Glucose
Pyruvic acid

16. Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation
Section 9-1
Lactic acid
Glucose
Pyruvic acid

17. Pros and Cons of Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pros – your muscle will keep working even without sufficient oxygen

18. Cons – you feel it, lactic acid causes sore muscles and cramping
Your body will get rid of lactic acid – it diffuses into blood and goes to liver where it is converted back to pyruvic acid – ready for O2
LIVER

19. RECAP 6C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
GLUCOSE becomes…
CO2
Oxygen is needed…
to accept the electrons at the end of ETC
CO2 goes…
into blood, lungs, exhaled
Water is produced when…
O2 collects enough e- and H+ to become water
ATP is produced…
in glycolysis, Kreb Cycle and mainly in ETC due to chemiosmosis

20. Pyruvic acid is made …
at the end of glycolysis (3C)
NADH and FADH2 carry …
Electrons and H+ to the ETC
Protons (H+) build up in the …due to…
Intermembrane space, ETC pushing them out
ATP synthase allows H+ to … and …
Back into the matrix, produces ATPs
If no oxygen, yeast produce…
ethanol
If no oxygen, muscle cells produce…
Lactic acid

21. The ETC produces...
34 ATPs
In aerobic respiration, Pyruvic acid is converted to…
Acetyl CoA
The molecule that must be recycled in the Kreb cycle is…
Oxaloacetic acid
The break down of one glucose gives…
38 total ATP

22. Autotrophs…
Make their own food/chemical energy
Heterotrophs…
Must eat other things to obtain chemical energy
Aerobic respiration requires…
Oxygen

23. Click a hyperlink to choose a video. Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis
Video Contents
Click a hyperlink to choose a video.
Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle, Part 1
Krebs Cycle, Part 2
Electron Transport Chain, Part 1
Electron Transport Chain, Part 2
Video Contents

24. Click the image to play the video segment.
Aerobic Respiration
Click the image to play the video segment.
Video 1

25. Click the image to play the video segment.
Glycolysis
Click the image to play the video segment.
Video 2

26. Click the image to play the video segment.
Krebs Cycle, Part 1
Click the image to play the video segment.
Video 3

27. Click the image to play the video segment.
Krebs Cycle, Part 2
Click the image to play the video segment.
Video 4

28. Click the image to play the video segment.
Electron Transport Chain, Part 1
Click the image to play the video segment.
Video 5

29. Click the image to play the video segment.
Electron Transport Chain, Part 2
Click the image to play the video segment.
Video 6

30. Go Online Links from the authors on Creatine Share kimchi lab data
Interactive test
For links on cellular respiration, go to and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-3091.
For links on the Krebs cycle, go to and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-3092.
Internet

31. Interest Grabber Answers
1. How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slow run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run?
Students may answer that they feel no fatigue at the start of a run; however, after 1 minute and more so after 10 minutes, they are breathing hard, their heart rate has increased significantly, and their muscles may hurt.
2. What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes in how you feel?
Students may say that the increase in heart rate and breathing rate are a response that gets extra oxygen to the cells. The pain may be attributed to the cells becoming fatigued.
3. Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could you keep up this pace for a much longer distance? Explain your answer.
Students may know that very high levels of performance can be sustained only very briefly even among the best of athletes. Students may say that the body runs out of readily available energy, food, or oxygen, or that the body builds up too many waste products in the cells.
Section 1 Answers

32. Interest Grabber Answers
1. Obtain two sheets of paper and a metric ruler. What is the surface area of the paper?
The area will vary depending on the size of paper used. A sheet of notebook paper has an area of approximately 600 cm3.
2. Roll one sheet of paper into a tube lengthwise. What is the surface area of the rolled paper?
The surface area is the same as the original sheet of paper.
3. Fold the second sheet of paper into a fan. Then, roll the first sheet of paper around the folded paper so it is inside the rolled paper. What has happened to the surface area of the inside of the rolled paper?
The surface area has increased (surface area of rolled paper + surface area of folded paper).
4. What would be the value of increasing the surface area of the membrane inside a mitochondrion?
Increasing the surface area increases the amount of space where chemical reactions can take place.
Section 2 Answers

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