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Mining
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Minerals vs Rocks Minerals – is a naturally-occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition, a highly ordered atomic structure and specific physical properties. Rock – is a naturally occurring aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids. Rocks do not have a definite chemical composition.
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Mineral Resource: Any mineral useful to humans
Metallic Minerals: Iron Oxide, Gold Non-metallic mineral: Limestone, sand Fossil Fuel: Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas Ore: A rock that can be profitably mined for a mineral (often a metal) or for minerals (metals) High Grade Ore: has high concentration of the mineral Low Grade Ore: smaller concentration
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Ontario’s Top 10 Mineral Commodities
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Mining Centres in Canada
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What Do We Mine?
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Open Pit Mining
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Open Pit Mining This method is used when deposits are close to the surface Mass removal of ore that is economically viable Impact Distraction of vegetation Large volume of waste created from this process
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Open Pit Mining A simple layered open pit mine.
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Open Pit Mining A digging wheel at work.
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Open Pit Mining A digging wheel close-up.
Bigger size = greater efficiency, right?!
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Open Pit Mining
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Underground (Shaft) Mining
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Underground (Shaft) Mining
Wire mesh to prevent loose rocks from falling.
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Underground (Shaft) Mining
Temporary support beams
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Underground (Shaft) Mining
A scooptram at work.
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Underground Mining Impacts
destruction of vegetation influence on water table need to excavate before mining starts radon gas produced in confined spaces production of dust and noise pollution
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Off Shore Oil Rigs
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Issues Facing the Mining Industry
Negative Impact on the Environment Abandoned Mines Loss of Jobs Echo Effect Exhausting the Supply Staying Competitive Boom-Bust Towns
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