1. Social Consequences of the Industrial Revolution
Women Miners
Social Consequences of the Industrial Revolution
Owen
Marx

2. The Middle Class
As more jobs became available the middle class grew. (bankers, merchants, lawyers, doctors, engineers, etc)
Large houses
Leisure time
Fine clothes

3. Do as I say!
Changes in Society
People became wage earners, dependant of others instead of themselves.
Clocks replace seasons as people’s work cycle.
Factories were full of rules, farms were not.
Life became difficult and monotonous
12 people in one room apartment
Illness, death or unemployment meant starvation.

4. Housing Workers lived in very small houses on cramped streets
Shared toilet facilities-open sewers
Disease spread through contaminated water supply
Chest diseases from the mines, cholera, typhoid& smallpox extremely common
The greatest killer in the cities was tuberculosis
By the late 19th century, 70 to 90% of the urban populations of Europe and North America had TB
40% of working-class deaths in cities were from TB
Dr. John Snow’s
Cholera map

6. Child labor
Children as young as six years old worked hard hours for little or no pay
Children sometimes worked up to 19 hours a day, with a one-hour total break
Children were paid only a fraction of what an adult would get

7. In England and Scotland in 1788, 60% workers in cotton mills were children

8. Women’s Issues: “A Great Step Sideways”
Many women & girls worked in manual labor - mines
Other jobs considered “women’s work” paid less.
Textile mills
Servants
Middle Class women
Belonged at home
Had servants to do work and raise the children
Many never married
Improved education opened some professions like teaching and nursing.

9. Demographic Change Life expectancy of children increased dramatically.
75% children born in London died before the age of five in 1730s ,but only 32% in 1820s
Population of England by 1901was 30.5 million
Massive urbanization and the rise of new great cities
In 1717 Manchester - a market town of 10,000 ,by 1911 – a city of 2.3 million