1. Failure in Britain…Hitler turns to the East
Operation Barbarossa
Failure in Britain…Hitler turns to the East
June 1941, Hitler nullified the Nazi-Soviet Pact
Invaded Soviet Union
3 million Germans & blitzkrieg
Soviets still suffering from purge

2. Soviets destroyed factories, equipment, crops, etc.
2.5 million Soviet soldiers died
Germany posed to take Leningrad & Moscow

3. Didn’t account for “General Winter”
Early December, -40

4. Siege of Leningrad September 1941, 2 & ½ year siege
2 pieces of bread a day
Boiled wallpaper
More than 1 million died
Didn’t fall
Stalin urged Britain to open second front
Two powers agree to work together

5. Concentration Camps
Detention centers for civilians considered enemies of the state
Worked as slave laborers
1939, forced Jews to live in ghettos
1941, “Final Solution to the Jewish problem”
Nazis sent Jews, political enemies, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals & the disabled

6. Holocaust: Sacrifice by fire
Extermination Camps
20,000 concentration camps, 6 extermination camps
“Death camps” in Poland
Designed most efficient means to kill millions
By 1945, massacred some
6 million Jews & 6 million others
As well
Holocaust: Sacrifice by fire

7. Japan’s Brutal Conquest
Self-proclaimed mission to help Asians escape from Western colonial rule
…really just wanted
Japanese Empire
Killed & tortured
Destroyed towns
Forced labor

8. USA
1939 Neutrality Acts
People & FDR sympathized, wanted to find ways to aid Britain who stood alone against Hitler
Lend-Lease Act, March 1941
Could sell or lend war material to any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States

9. Atlantic Charter FDR & Churchill
Atlantic Charter set goals for the war
“The final destruction of the Nazi tyranny”
Post war: “Permanent system of general security”

10. USA USA banned sale of war materials (iron, steel, oil) to Japan
Japanese saw this is a threat
Wanted to neutralize US fleet

11. So we have won after all…
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941, “a date which will live in infamy”
Surprise attack on American fleet
About 2400 killed
19 ships
188 planes
FDR asks Congress to declare war on Japan
December 8, US declares war on Japan
December 11, Germany & Italy declare war on USA
So we have won after all…

13. In the long run, Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor would be as serious a mistake as Hitler’s invasion of Soviet Union

14. Increased production ends Great Depression
Allies Turn the Tide
Total War
US & Great Britain government their power
Put economic resources into war
Factories, stop making cars and start making tanks
Rationed food you could buy
Increased production ends Great Depression

15. Total War
Even democratic nations start censoring press & using propaganda
Many Japanese citizens lost their jobs, properties, & rights

16. Japanese Internment Camps
One of the worst violations of civil liberties in US history

17. Women Help Win the War Rosie the Riveter
Drove ambulances, decoded messages, nurses, etc.
In occupied Europe, women fought

18. 1942-1943, Turning Point of the War
France
Soviet Union
North Africa/Italy
Pacific
Allies won victories on 4 fronts

19. 1942-1943, Turning Point of the War
France
Soviet Union
North Africa/Italy
Pacific
Allies won victories on 4 fronts

20. The Pacific Aircraft carriers
First time in naval history, some naval battles fought entirely in the air
Japanese proved they would die before surrender

21. The Big Three Stalin FDR Churchill
Focus on finishing war in Europe first, then Asia
Mutual distrust
Common enemy
Stalin FDR Churchill

22. The Big Three Stalin FDR Churchill
Focus on finishing war in Europe first, then Asia
Mutual distrust
Common enemy
Stalin FDR Churchill

23. Allies Forge Ahead
General Dwight Eisenhower defeats one of Hitler’s most brilliant commanders, General Erwin Rommel (“Desert Fox”) in North Africa, May 1943

24. Allies Forge Ahead North Africa under Allied control
Crossed Mediterranean
July 1943, Britain & US invade Italy
Falls within a month
Italians overthrow Mussolini & sign armistice

25. Stalingrad Major Turning Point August 1942-January 1943
One of the deadliest battles in history
Street-by-street, house-by- house fighting
Germans surrender
Soviets start offensive
Major Turning Point

26. Allies Push Toward Germany
By 1944, West Allies ready to open Western Front by invading France
D-Day
June 6, 1944
Invasion of Normandy

27. D-Day
Allies fought through underwater mines & constant machine-gun fire
Made their way inland

28. Allies Push Toward Germany
General George S. Patton helped Allies through break through German defenses
French resistance
German retreated
August 25, 1944
Allies liberate Paris
Within a month, all of France is free

29. Allies Continue Advance
Dresden, Germany
Florence of the North
Years of constant bombing on Germany
Cripple industries & destroy morale
Not an industrial city
About 135,000 killed
February 1945

30. Battle of the Bulge Allies advancing toward Germany
December January 1945
German offensive
Germany unable to break through
Terrible losses on both sides
Hitler losing support at home
German defeat seemed ineveitable

31. Yalta Conference Mistrust
Stalin: Soviet Union should keep control of Eastern Europe to make prevent future aggression
Churchill & FDR: Self-determination
But they needed Stalin’s help to win the war
Agreed to divide Germany into 4 zones (American, French, British, & Soviet), divide lands in the Pacific, & Stalin would hold free elections in Eastern Europe