1. Pre-Colonial Period to 1500s
Mesoamerica
Pre-Colonial Period to 1500s

2. First Migration - Beringia

3. Mesoamerica Middle America, refers to Central and Southern Mexico
Source:

4. Similarities of Indigenous Empires
Source: huffingtonpost.com
Intensive farming systems
Maize
Sedentary life
Rise of towns and cities

5. Similarities of Indigenous Empires
Advanced architecture
Pyramids and temples
Hierarchical political structure
City-states and empires
Militaristic
Raised armies

6. Ancient History Archaic (- 1800 BC) Early Preclassic (1800-1200 BC)
Middle Preclassic ( BC)
Olmec
Late Preclassic (400 BC–150 AD)
Teotihuacan
Hunting, gathering, origins of village life, pottery, figurines Egalitarian tribal societies with subsistence agriculture Agriculture more complex, development of irrigation, greater productive specialization & social stratification Invention of the Long Count calendar, building of the Pyramid of the Sun, advanced city planning

7. Ancient History Classic (150-650 AD) Epiclassic (650-900 AD)
Maya
Epiclassic ( AD)
Early Post-classic ( AD)
Toltec
Late Post-classic ( )
Aztec
Height of Teotihuacan influence Competing regional capitals Aztecs reach the valley of Mexico Formation of the Aztec Triple Alliance, Spanish conquest, and fall of Tenochtitlan

8. Olmec Emerge around 1500 BC Patriarchal society Urbanization
Multiple city-states
Power based on intermarriage
Engaged in trade
Source: wikipedia.org

9. Olmec
Maize
Pottery
Stone heads
Decline

10. Teotihuacan Emerge around 400 BC City of gods
North of Mexico City
Population of 150, ,000
Architectural settlement
Power based on territory & trade
Strong central government

11. Maya Begin to gain dominance around 250 AD
Largest of Mesoamerican groups
State of relatively constant warfare
Tributaries
Major urbanization
Chichen Itza
Source: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mayamap.png

12. Maya Writing Ritual activity Conception of the number zero Hieroglyphs
Calendar
Codices
Ritual activity
Ball game
Blood sacrifice
Conception of the number zero
Source:

13. Competing Regional Capitals
Zapoteca
Oaxaca
Mixteca
Tarascan
Toltec

14. Toltec Present day Michoacan Descendants of the Chicimecas
Capital of Tula
Quetzalcoatl
“feathered serpent”
Source: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quetzalcoatl_telleriano2.jpg#/media/File:Quetzalcoatl_telleriano2.jpg

15. Aztec Origin story Mexica Tenochtitlan Advanced empire Triple alliance
Serpent and snake
Mexica
Tenochtitlan
Advanced empire
Conquest not absorption
Triple alliance
Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, Tlacopan
Source: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Tenochtitlan,_1524.jpg

16. Aztec Education Patriarchal society Human sacrifice Huitzilopochtli
God of war
Quinto Sol
Source: