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Chapter 25 Section IV Age of Reform
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Purpose: Understand how Industrialization leads to political and economic reform State Standards: 17B
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Industrialization Worldwide…
As the rich get richer, the poor get poorer Some reformers thought that the government should intervene A workhouse in London. The English Poor law of 1601 where able bodied workers had to work to earn their keep 3
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Free Enterprise (also known as CAPITALISM…
WINDOW PANE Free Enterprise (also known as CAPITALISM… *An economic system in which money is invested in business ventures with the goal of making a profit.
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Adam Smith Professor at University of Glasgow
1776 wrote “Wealth of Nations” which stated that economic liberty guaranteed economic progress *A nation practicing Free Enterprise would have economic policies with minimal government regulation of the marketplace
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Philosophers of Industrialization
WINDOW PANE Laissez faire *Is a term that means that the government should stay out or have their “hands off” of business.
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Socialism: WINDOW PANE The Rise of Socialism…
*Socialism: The factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all *Economy is controlled by the government *Government control of factories, mines and other key industries would abolish poverty Equality promoted
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Rise of Socialism: “Hands OFF or Hands ON”
Laissez-Faire Advises Governments to leave business alone Socialism Advises People in Power (the wealthy) or the Government MUST take action to improve the (working) people’s lives.
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Marxism A radical type of socialism
Karl Marx & Fredrich Engels wrote pamphlets called “The Communist Manifesto” & "Das Capital"
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The Communist Manifesto…
Society has always been divided into warring classes Society has “haves” and “have nots” Haves: Middle/upperclass Bourgeoisie Have Nots: Lower class worker (*proletariat) who does not own the means of production *Workers and owners are natural enemies The I.R. enriched the wealthy and impoverished the poor
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Philosophy of Marx Marx
*Wrote the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital largely because he did NOT like the abuses that went on during the Industrial Revolution.
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Philosophy of Marx The workers would then control the gov’t and the different social classes would dissappear Communism results: All means of production is owned by the people
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Future of Communism Early 1900’s Marxism Spreads… Russia: Lenin
Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh Cuba: Castro A statue of Lenin at Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan 14
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Unionization Labor Unions…
*Represents and speaks for all workers in the same trade or industry Collective Bargaining: Negotiations between workers and employers *Suffrage means the right to vote A demonstration during a textile strike in France. 15
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Workers Bargain For: *Better working conditions > Jobs were too dangerous *Higher wages > wages were too low *Shorter work week > Jobs were too repetitious and boring. *End to child labor
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Strike: Refusal to work usually because of a employers refusal to meet the demands of their employees. Unions were seen as a threat to social order and stability
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Reform Laws In Britain…
Combination Acts of & prevented laborers from striking – repealed 1825 In 1875 British Unions win the right to strike and picket peacefully. In the U.S… Several small unions join to form the AFL (1886) American Federation of Labor A series of successful strikes by the AFL, won higher wages and shorter hours
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