1. CALL TO FREEDOM--Beginnnings to 1877
9/21/2018
Chapter 18
A DIVIDED NATION (1848–1860)
Section 1: The Debate over Slavery
Section 2: Trouble in Kansas
Section 3: Political Divisions
Section 4: Secession
Chapter 18

2. OBJECTIVES Section 1: The Debate Over Slavery
How did the outcome of the Mexican War affect the debate over the expansion of slavery?
What were the main conditions of the Compromise of 1850, and what reasons were given for supporting or opposing it?
Why was the Fugitive Slave Act controversial in the North?

3. The Mexican War and Slavery Expansion
Section 1: The Debate Over Slavery
The Mexican War and Slavery Expansion
additional territory renewed the debate over slavery expansion
led to the Wilmot Proviso and sectionalism
began push for popular sovereignty
led to the Free-Soil Party
upset balance of free and slave states

4. The Mexican War and Slavery Expansion
Section 1: The Debate Over Slavery
The Mexican War and Slavery Expansion
(continued)
Wilmot Proviso (1846) – proposal to outlaw slavery in the territory added to the United States by the Mexican Cession; passed in the House of Representatives but was defeated in the Senate
popular sovereignty – the idea that political authority belongs to the people; also a principle that would allow voters in a particular territory to decide whether to ban or permit slavery

5. The Mexican War and Slavery Expansion
Section 1: The Debate Over Slavery
The Mexican War and Slavery Expansion
(continued)
Free-Soil Party – political Party formed in 1848 by antislavery northerners who left the Whig and Democratic Parties because neither addressed the slavery issue

6. Compromise of 1850 Section 1: The Debate Over Slavery
Conditions of the Compromise of 1850
California joins the Union as a free state.
New Mexico and Utah Territories will use popular sovereignty to decide the status of slavery.
Stronger fugitive slave law passed.
Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.
Border dispute between new Mexico and Texas is resolved.

7. Compromise of 1850 Section 1: The Debate Over Slavery
(continued)
Opposition to the Compromise of 1850
Allowing California to enter as a free state would destroy the balance between the two sections of the country.
California would be admitted unconditionally.
Support for the Compromise of 1850
Preserving the Union was more important than regional differences.
Slave labor was not necessary in that environment.

8. Controversy in the North over the Fugitive Slave Act
Section 1: The Debate Over Slavery
Controversy in the North over the Fugitive Slave Act
lacked trial by jury
bribes were given to government officials for support

9. OBJECTIVES Section 2: Trouble in Kansas
How did different regions of the country react to the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
In what ways did people try to settle the conflict over slavery in Kansas?
What series of violent events showed growing division over slavery in the United States?

10. Kansas-Nebraska Act Section 2: Trouble in Kansas
protested in the North
received strong support in the South

11. Methods Used to Settle the Conflict Over Slavery in Kansas
Section 2: Trouble in Kansas
Methods Used to Settle the Conflict Over Slavery in Kansas
compromise
protests

12. Violent Events Over Slavery
Section 2: Trouble in Kansas
Violent Events Over Slavery
armed conflict in 1856 in Lawrence, Kansas
Pottawatomie Massacre (1856)
Pottawatomie Massacre (1856) – incident in which abolitionist John Brown and seven other men murdered pro-slavery Kansans

13. OBJECTIVES Section 3: Political Divisions
How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act affect U.S. political parties?
Why did Dred Scott sue for his freedom, and how did the Supreme Court rule on his case?
How did Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas differ in their views on slavery?

14. Effect of the Kansas-Nebraska Act on U.S. Political Parties
Section 3: Political Divisions
Effect of the Kansas-Nebraska Act on U.S. Political Parties
Republican Party formed in 1854
Know-Nothing Party formed in 1849
Know-Nothing Party – political organization founded in 1849 by nativists who supported measures making it difficult for foreigners to become citizens and to hold office

15. Dred Scott Section 3: Political Divisions
Dred Scott was a slave who lived in free territory and then returned to slave territory.
He sued for his freedom claiming he had become free when he lived in free territory.
In 1857 the Supreme Court declared:
African Americans were not U.S. citizens.
The Missouri Compromise’s restriction on slavery was unconstitutional.
Congress did not have the right to ban slavery in any federal territory.

16. Abraham Lincoln’s and Stephen Douglas’ Differing Views on Slavery
Section 3: Political Divisions
Abraham Lincoln’s and Stephen Douglas’ Differing Views on Slavery
Abraham Lincoln opposed slavery and supported the equal rights for slaves.
Stephen Douglas supported slavery and did not feel the African Americans were equal.

17. OBJECTIVES Section 4: Secession
How did Americans react to John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry?
What factors led to Lincoln’s victory in the presidential election of 1860?
Why did some southern states decide to leave the Union?

18. Reactions to John Brown’s Raid
Section 4: Secession
Reactions to John Brown’s Raid
Some mourned his death and regarded him as a hero.
Others opposed his violence.
Southerners felt threatened.
It raised the secession issue in the South.

19. Section 4: Secession
Factors Leading to Lincoln’s Victory in the Presidential Election of 1860
Lincoln won 180 of the 183 electoral votes in the free states.
The slave states split their electoral votes thus giving Lincoln the victory.
electoral votes – votes cast in states to elect the president in presidential elections

20. Reasons the Southern States Left the Union
Section 4: Secession
Reasons the Southern States Left the Union
believed Lincoln would abolish slavery
feared this action would destroy the South’s economy and society