1. Scientific Revolution:
The rise of the scientific method and the supplanting of old beliefs ca

2. What do you know? How did the Scientific Revolution begin?
What is the difference between the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system?
What idea did the Catholic Church have the most problem with during the Scientific Revolution? What was the Church’s response?
What are the principles of the Scientific Revolution?

3. Roots of the Scientific Revolution
Renaissance ( )
Flowering of new ideas about ancient wisdom that began in Italy and spread throughout Europe
Humanism sparked curiosity in many areas of human activity
Secularism pointed scholars toward the earth and the world around them

4. Roots of the Scientific Revolution
Reformation ( )
attempt to reform or change the Catholic Church’s domination over Europeans
Martin Luther Catholic priest who sparked controversy w/ 95 Theses
Henry VIII split England from Catholic church over a divorce
John Calvin taught the elect are already chosen & man sinful by nature

5. The Medieval Worldview
Focus on getting to the next world
Scholars filtered all learning through their understanding of the Bible
Scholars believed earth was the center of the universe and that the sun revolved around it (geocentric)—from Ptolemy
Medieval Christianity supported this view as earth was the center of a cosmic drama

6. Geocentric model based on Aristotle

7. What was the Scientific Revolution?
A new way of thinking about the natural world (1500 AD)
based on observation, research and a willingness to question old beliefs

8. Causes of the Scientific Revolution
Exploration caused demands for scientifically accurate instruments
Observation of the natural world

9. Heliocentric Theory
Heliocentric: The idea that the sun is the center of the universe (Helios= Greek for sun)

10. Proponents of the Heliocentric Theory
Nicholas Copernicus (1500)
Unsatisfied w/ geocentric model
Studied planetary movements for 25 years
Reasoned that earth moved around the sun

11. Proponents of Heliocentric Theory cont’d.
Tycho Brahe (1550s)
bridge between the geo-centric and the helio-centric models
Belief: Sun & Moon revolve around the Earth, all other planets revolved around Sun.

12. Proponents of Heliocentric Theory cont’d.
Johannes Kepler (1600)
Brahe’s assistant
Used Brahe’s data and did the math to prove the heliocentric model
Showed that the earth has an elliptical orbit, not a circular path

13. Proponents of Heliocentric Theory cont’d.
Galileo Galilee (1581)
Undertook motion experiments
Constructed his own telescope and made startling claims about the moon and solar system
His observations backed up Copernicus

14. Galileo cont. The Church reacts
(1616) Catholic Church warned Galileo not to support Copernicus
Galileo defended Copernicus
Pope called him to Rome to stand trial for heresy
He is forced to recant his work for fear of torture

15. Trial of Galileo-
“With a sincere heart and unpretended faith I abjure, curse, and detest the aforesaid errors and heresies [of Copernicus]…”

16. The Scientific Method What is it? 1. Observe a problem
2. Form a hypothesis
3. Test the hypothesis
4. Form conclusions which either confirm or falsify the hypothesis

17. Developers of the Scientific Method
Francis Bacon (1540s)
Criticized scholars for relying too much on ancient philosophers and Medieval wisdom
Reasoned from observations not abstract theories (Empiricism)

18. Francis Bacon on the importance of observation:
"Men have sought to make a world from their own conception and to draw from their own minds all the material which they employed, but if, instead of doing so, they had consulted experience and observation, they would have the facts and not opinions to reason about, and might have ultimately arrived at the knowledge of the laws which govern the material world."

19. Developers of the Scientific Method
Isaac Newton (1680s)
Mathematician, scientist and alchemist
Developed Calculus
Made advances in optics
Developed laws of gravitation and motion

20. Newton cont. Principia Mathematica Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion
Newton’s famous book in which he outlined laws of motion and gravity
Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion
Law of Inertia-Objects stay put unless pushed
Objects move according to the force acting upon it
Action brings opposite reaction

21. Influence of the Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution influenced:
government
exploration
medicine
helped usher in the “Age of Enlightenment”

22. Now what do you know? How did the Scientific Revolution begin?
What is the difference between the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system?
What idea did the Catholic Church have the most problem with during the Scientific Revolution? What was the Church’s response?
What are the principles of the Scientific Revolution?