1. The Road to secession
US History
Mrs. Lacks

2. Causes of Civil War
Civil war: war between two or more groups within one country
The issue of slavery was one of many causes of civil war, as is the idea of states’ rights vs. rights of the federal government
There are political, cultural, & economic causes

3. Causes of Civil War Missouri Compromise Tariff of Abominations
Abolitionist Movement
Wilmot Proviso
Compromise of 1850
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Kansas-Nebraska Act/ Bleeding Kansas
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Lincoln-Douglass Debates
Harper’s Ferry, Va (WV)
Election of 1860

4. Missouri Compromise
Split the country politically into 2 parts: north & south
Missouri enters union as slave state
Maine enters union as free state
Slavery banned in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36 30' line

6. Wilmot Proviso Proposed by PA representative David Wilmot
Said no slavery in Mexican Cession
idea of “free soil” - allow slavery to exist where it already was but not spread into new territory
constitutional issues - constitution protects property
slaves = property in south
Congress has no right to limit slavery in territories
would upset the balance
bill failed!!

7. Compromise of 1850 The Issues
California applied for statehood as a free state (does not fall under Missouri Compromise - not part of Louisiana Terr.)
northerners demand abolition of slavery in DC
south wanted north to enforce Fugitive Slave Act of 1793

8. Compromise of 1850 Very controversial How it passed:
President Taylor was dragging his heels – Senate feared he would veto the bill
July Taylor died suddenly - succeeded by Millard Fillmore who supported the Compromise
September Compromise passed

9. Compromise of 1850

10. Political Parties in 1840s Democrats (started with A. Jackson)
Whigs (anti-Jacksonians)
New parties forming:
Free-Soilers
Know-Nothings (Northern anti-immigrant (esp Irish), anti-Catholic, anti-free African)

11. 1852 Presidential ELection
√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

12. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.
2 million in a decade!

13. Harriet Beecher Stowe
So this is the lady who started this big war Abraham Lincoln

15. Kansas-Nebraska Act
divided Nebraska Territory into Nebraska and Kansas
allowed them to decide slavery issue by popular sovereignty (let the people decide)
did away with the 36 30' line of the Missouri Comp.
"Death of the Missouri Compromise"

17. Kansas-Nebraska Act Major results of Kansas-Nebraska Act
birth of the Republican Party
split Democratic party and destroyed already badly divided Whigs
Led to “Bleeding Kansas”

18. Bleeding Kansas
People rushed in to Kansas to vote for or against slavery
when time came to hold elections, 1000s of “border ruffians” from neighboring Missouri (slave) came it and voted illegally
Kansas became a slave state

19. Bleeding Kansas Anti-slavery voters did not want to accept this
Two capitals were established
Lecompton: proslavery
Topeka: anti-slavery
Civil war erupted in Kansas when proslavery people attacked antislavery people

20. Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)
“Bleeding Kansas”
Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

21. Bleeding Kansas John Brown
Religious fanatic (thought he was God’s instrument)
Very antislavery
Started a massacre that led to the deaths of 200 proslavery citizens

22. Sumner-Brooks Affair
Senator Charles Sumner gave a speech denouncing slavery advocates, including Sen. Andrew Butler from SC
2 days after speech, Sen. Preston Brooks (SC and nephew of Butler) approached Sumner to confront him about his speech
Brooks beat Sumner with his cane on the Senate floor
Southerners cheered him and sent him new canes

23. “The Crime Against Kansas”
Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)
Con. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

24. “Bleeding Sumner”

25. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854
Northern Whigs. (anti-slavery)
Northern Democrats. (anti-slavery)
Free-Soilers. (anti-slavery)
Know-Nothings. (restrictions on immigration)
Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

26. 1856 Presidential Election
√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

27. 1856 Election Results

28. Tariff of Abominations
Still in tact since the 1820s
Made South trade with North almost exclusively
Southerners lost what could be made in Europe
Led to the Panic of 1857
Increases Southern anger at North
South Carolina tries to secede in 1858, but stays in

29. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

30. Dred Scott v. Sanford
Dred Scott was a slave belonging to an officer in the US army
taken from Missouri (slave) to Illinois (free) then to Wisconsin Terr. (Free by Missouri Comp) and back to Missouri
after master died, Scott sued new master for freedom, claiming that since he had lived on free soil then he was free
case went to Supreme Court - took 3 years to decide

31. Dred Scott v. Sanford
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney along with majority decided
Scott was still a slave, not a citizen, therefore had no right to sue in federal court
Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in the territories, therefore the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

32. A House divided against itself, cannot stand.
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

33. Lincoln-Douglass Debates
Illinois Senate seat
Incumbent: Stephen Douglass
Challenger: Abraham Lincoln
First series of open discussions/debates about slavery

34. Lincoln-Douglass Debates
Douglass: Popular Sovereignty
Lincoln: let slavery stay in the South, but not extend to new territories in the west
Lincoln lost, Douglass kept his Senate seat

35. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

36. Harper’s Ferry, Va
John Brown led a band of men into Harpers Ferry in order to seize the federal arsenal and lead a slave rebellion (aka “army of emancipation”)
they took 60 hostages and held out against the local militia
finally surrendered to Marines under Robert E. Lee
Brown wounded and taken prisoner
convicted by Commonwealth of Va of treason, murder, and inciting slave rebellion

37. 1860 Presidential Election
√ Abraham Lincoln Republican
John Bell Constitutional Union
1860 Presidential Election
Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

38. 1860
Election
Results

40. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860