1. Civil Rights

2. What does the term “civil rights” mean?
Prompt #1
What does the term “civil rights” mean?
Why do you think the Civil Rights Movement happened during the 1950s & 1960s?

3. Jim Crow Laws
Examples

4. Rise of African American Influence
Jackie Robinson (1947)
The Great Migration ( )
New Deal—gov’t officials
World War II—jobs & combat; Holocaust opened eyes
NAACP—worked through courts

5. Demonstrations

6. Brown v. Board (1954) Oliver Brown sued Topeka, Kansas Board of Ed.
Wanted his 8-year-old daughter to attend closer white school
Thurgood Marshall argued in front of Supreme Court

7. May 17, 1954 — unanimous decision
Landmark case
May 17, 1954 — unanimous decision
“Separate but equal” is unconstitutional
Reversed Plessy v. Fergusson in 1896
A year later, ruled all schools should desegregate

8. Reactions
Many white Americans accepted decision; some did not though
KKK became more active
90+ members of Congress expressed their opposition in the “Southern Manifesto”

9. Notes
Civil Rights

10. Emmett Till (Aug. 1955)
14-year-old boy murdered for whistling at a white woman in MS
Major impact on civil rights movement

11. Emmett Till

12. Trial for Till’s Murder
Suspects were acquitted by all white jury
Roy Bryant and J. W. Milam confessed after acquittal

13. Rosa Parks (Dec. 1955)
Montgomery, AL
Planned civil disobedience
Arrest led to boycotts and demonstrations

14. Rosa Parks

15. Montgomery Bus Boycott
; walked, rode bikes, carpooled
Led by 26 yr. old, Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Supreme Court  bus segregation unconstitutional
Led to new leaders and peaceful steps toward equality

16. Little Rock Nine (1957)
NAACP registered 9 black students at Central High School in Little Rock, AR
AR Gov. Faubus sent AR National Guard to block them
Defied Supreme Court ruling
Pres. Eisenhower sent 101st airborne to integrate school

19. Philosophy of MLK MLK followed teachings of Gandhi
Physical sacrifice if necessary
Non-violence reflects the ugliness of those who commit violence

20. Gain equal rights (especially in the South) through nonviolent protest
Group
Members & Goal
NAACP
- Interracial
- Gain legal equality
SCLC
Gain equal rights (especially in the South) through nonviolent protest
- MLK Jr.
SNCC
Gains for young African Americans
- Nonviolent at first but becomes more radical
Black Panthers
Militant political party
Black power movement
Wanted to lead own community, rebuild ghettos, and racial pride

21. Draw 3 images to represent events & their impact that began the civil rights movement
Early Events Summary

22. Prompt #2
Does everyone get treated the same here at SLHS? If not, who should be involved in resolving this and how would you try to resolve it?

23. Sit-ins Goal: force businesses to make decision on segregation
Often lead to being beaten and/or arrested
Woolworth’s Lunch Counter Greensboro, NC

24. S.C. ruled bus stations could not be segregated – wanted to test South
Freedom Riders
S.C. ruled bus stations could not be segregated – wanted to test South
1961 — CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) sent freedom riders on busses from D.C. to New Orleans
Anniston, Alabama
Firebomb thrown at bus
White mob beat riders as they escaped
After this, federal gov’t protected freedom riders

25. Freedom Riders in Whites Only Bus Station

26. Freedom Rides, 1961

27. Firebombed Freedom Riders

28. James Meredith
1st African American admitted to U. of Mississippi (Ole Miss) — 1962

29. Birmingham, AL (1963)
Targeted city b/c of Police Chief Eugene “Bull” Connor
MLK called it “the most segregated city in the country”
Police arrested 150 demonstrators
MLK arrested
Situation got JFK’s attention

30. Bull Connor

31. Connor used fire hoses and dogs JFK sends in mediators
Birmingham, AL (cont.)
Children get involved
Kids age 6-16 marched to 16th St. Baptist Church
900 kids thrown in jail
Connor used fire hoses and dogs
JFK sends in mediators
Got media attention  successful

34. Civil Rights Event Reflection
Consider the events we have discussed and respond to each question:
What event was most surprising to you and why?
What event do you think was most influential/had the greatest impact during this time period and why?
What strategy (passive, aggressive, etc.) would you use if you were apart of this movement and why?

35. “I Have A Dream” Speech
Analysis

36. Discuss
Why do you think this was such a powerful speech when MLK Jr. gave this to the crowds at the March on Washington in 1963?
Think about: location of speech, purpose of march, ideas in speech

37. HW Review What was Kennedy’s approach to civil rights?
Why did civil rights leaders propose a march on Washington?
How did African Americans fight for voting rights? Name 3 specific ways.

38. Literacy Test

39. Literacy Test Discussion
Was this a fair way to test if someone should vote? Why or why not?
How was this an effective strategy for continuing discrimination at this time?
Were the 3 pieces of legislation passed during the 1960s necessary?