1. The 1850s:
Road to
Secession

2. The Rising Storm Losing the bubble?
Sailors say the ship’s navigator has lost a clear sense of where he is and where he is bound

3. Uneasy Balances Gag Rule (in Congress)
More states entering union: AK (Slave), MI (Free), TX (slave)
Congressional debates erupt in violence

4. Mexican Territory and the issue
Polk: Extend Missouri Com. To Pacific O
Douglas: Popular Sovereignty –
Wilmot Proviso:
– Wilmot’s answer to newly purchased territory from Mexico
Threats: secession, cut of commerical realtions with North, refusal to pay debts owed to North
Never passed

5. 1848 Election Lewis Cass Dem. - split Pop. Sov. Zachary Taylor Whig
Unknown political views
Martin Van Buren
Free Soil
Party’s beliefs?

6. Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850
California statehood.
Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.
Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:
Personal liberty laws
Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

7. Compromise of 1850: A work in Progress over 9 months long

8. Elements of the Compromise1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Bonus: If Pres. Taylor was against this, how
did it ultimately pass?

9. Fugitive Slave Act
“Personal Liberty Laws” as a means of combatting this Act
How did enforcement of this Act change the nation?

10. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896)
Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852
Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.
2 million in a decade!
“So this is the lady that started the civil war!” Abraham Lincoln

11. 1852 Presidential Election
Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale -- Democrat (NH) Whig Free Soil
-Compr supporter

12. 1852 Election Results

13. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Repeals Missouri Decide by Compromise
Popular Sovereignty

14. “Bleeding Kansas” Missouri border ruffians
Emigrant Aid Society - Abolitionist immigrants
Rival gov’ts --- violence ensues
Charles Sumner, “Crime against kansas”

15. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20c)

16. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854
K-N Act
Bleeding KS
Opposed to expansion of slavery, not abolition
Northern Anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats
Free-Soilers, Know-Nothing
Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

17. 1856 Presidential Election
James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore (PA) Democrat Republican Whig

18. 1856 Election Results

19. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

20. What caused the Panic of 1857?? What were its affects on the nation?

21. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

22. Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine
Popular Sovereignty?

23. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

24. 1860 Presidential Election
√ Abraham Lincoln Republican
John Bell Constitutional Union
1860 Presidential Election
Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat Stephen
John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

25. Republican Party Platform in 1860
Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.
Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].
No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].
Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].
Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.
Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

26. 1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

27. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

28. 1860
Election
Results

29. Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity
Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing-KY)

30. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

31. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
A strategic Location

32. Events of that day Union Major Robert Anderson needed reinforcements
He refused to abandon Fort Sumter
P.G.T. Beauregard and troops opened fire
After 34 hours, Anderson formally surrendered