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By: Mr. Mark Gonzalez Grace Christian Academy
The 1850s: Road to Secession By: Mr. Mark Gonzalez Grace Christian Academy
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Issue 1: The Missouri Compromise (1820)
Missouri joins Union as a slave state Maine-free 12 free, 12 slave 36 degree latitude- north of line states would be free, south of line states would be slave
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The Missouri Compromise
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Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850
California statehood. Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession. Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: Personal liberty laws Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)
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Issue 2: The Compromise of 1850
Architect of the Compromise-Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky California-free (pleased the north) New Mexico and Utah (pleased the south)-slave territories Washington DC-slave trade abolished, not slavery itself Fugitive Slave Law (pleased the south)
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The Compromise of 1850
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Effect of the new Fugitive Slave Law
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1852 Presidential Election
√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott JohnParkerHale Democrat Whig Free Soil
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1852 Election Results
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Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896)
“So you ‘re the little lady who started this great war!” Abraham Lincoln
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Written by Stowe
Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. 2 million in a decade!
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852
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Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Slavery in the new territories particularly Kansas and Nebraska should be decided on by “popular sovereignty”-letting the settlers themselves decide on whether should be slavery (advocated strongly by northern Democrats like Stephen Douglas)
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“Bleeding Kansas”-result of “popular sovereignty”
Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians) who attacked anti-slavery Free Soil Kansans
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“The Crime Against Kansas”
An evil and aggressive “slave power” “Bleeding Kansas “Bleeding Sumner” Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC) Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)
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The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]
Nativists. Anti-Catholics. Anti-immigrants. 1849 Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC. Rise to power short-lived
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Birth of the Republican Party, 1854
Attracted: Northern Whigs. Northern Democrats. Free-Soilers. Know-Nothings. Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
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1856 Presidential Election
√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican American Party
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1856 Election Results
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Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
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Issue 3: The Dred Scott Case
Ruling encouraged by President Buchanan Slaves are not citizens-can’t sue Scott remains a slave under Missouri law Congress cannot ban slavery in any territory The Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional
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A House divided against itself, cannot stand.
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand.
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John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20c)
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John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859
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1860 Presidential Election
√ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union 1860 Presidential Election Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat
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1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”
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1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
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1860 Election Results
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Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860
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Issue 4: Secession Secession-when a states or states decide to leave the Union (The United States) Lincoln-will not extend slavery any further December 20, South Carolina decides to secede A month after Lincoln became president, southerners opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina The Civil War began-April 12, 1861
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Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
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