1. The Unification of Germany and Italy
By Hope, Brandon and Brandon

2. The Unification of Italy
Focused on the state of Piedmont
Ruled by Savoy
King Victor Emmanuel II
Prime Minister Count Camillo di Cavour
Economic Expansion
Asked Napoleon to help get Austrians out
Napoleon stopped fighting, Prussia came to help Austria
Garibaldi: red shirts, took Naples
Surrendered to Cavour to avoid war

3. Unification of Germany
Austria and Prussia only states powerful enough to dominate German affairs
Prussia
Formed Zollverein, a German customs union
Eliminated tolls on rivers and roads
Stimulated trade and prosperity of its member states
1848, Prussia created constitutional monarchy…sorta
Voting population divided into three classes determined by amount of taxes they paid.

4. Bismark Otto von Bismark (Prime Minister of William I)
Born a Junker
Had a career in Prussian Civil service
Became Prussian delegate to the Parliament of the Germanic Confederation
He was the foremost practitioner of realpolitik (practical over moral government)
He submitted army appropriations bill
It got rejected
He reorganized the army anyway

5. The Danish War Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein
Danish incorporated them into Denmark
Germans outraged
They were regarded as German states
Austria joined with Prussia in war on Denmark February 1, 1864
Danes defeated
Prussia took Schleswig Holstein went to Austria

6. Austro-Prussian war Russia neutral Napoleon also neutral
Bismarck sided with Italy
Prussian Breech-loading needle gun
Austrians Defeated
Bismarck wanted to legalize illegal taxes he had been collecting
North German Confederation
Parliament-Bundesrat, state delegates, Reichstag, elected through suffrage

7. Franco-Prussian War Prussia dominated all north Germany
Austria had little power
France isn’t happy with this
Leopold was to be crowned king of Spain-Bismark, Napoleon didn’t like that.
France would be surrounded by Hohenzollern dynasty
France declares war on Prussia
France badly loses to Prussia
Germany integrated into Prussia