2. Unit 1: An overview of Geography
Topic: Introduction to Maps
Content Objective: Which type of map do you think is the most important in understanding the culture of a country? Explain.
TLWBAT identify the different types of maps and know how to read maps using latitude and longitude

3. Types of Maps

4. Physical Maps Illustrate landforms Mountains Deserts Topographic maps
shape and elevation using contour lines

5. Political Map Display cultural information Borders
Some physical features

6. Thematic Maps Information on a specific theme Population density
Land use
Climate

7. Don’t Use the Metric System
Liberia
Mynamar
Date back to the 18th century for the U.S. not the 1970s

8. Countries that Britain has invaded

9. Driving Orientation

10. Internet Usage

11. Global Population Density

12. Alcohol Consumption
Light purple: Kazakhstan, Australia, Uganda, Nigeria, Spain, Italy, Argentina, Greece

13. Highest paid public employee

15. Dracula = Romania

18. Measuring the Earth

19. Earth is a sphere Measured in degrees Based on a grid
Sexagesimal scale
Distance between Lines
If you divide the circumference of the earth (approximately 25,000 miles) by 360 degrees, the distance on the earth's surface for each one degree of latitude or longitude is just over 69 miles
A circle has 360 degrees
60 minutes per degree
minutes ' of arc
60 seconds per minute
seconds " of arc
There are 3,600 seconds per degree

20. Latitude

21. Equator = Zero degrees Run horizontally Equal distance
69 miles apart
0° to 90° north and south

22. Longitude

23. Are widest at the equator about 69 miles apart
Prime Meridian
Greenwich, England (0°)
They run vertically
0° to 180°
Are widest at the equator
about 69 miles apart
Gradually decrease to zero at the poles
East or West of the Prime Meridian
Greenwich, the site of the British Royal Greenwich Observatory, was established as the site of the prime meridian by an international conference in 1884.
Why Greenwich?
Why do we use Greenwich to set where zero longitude is located?  At the time when European sailors began to spread out around the world, in the 1500s, England was one of the most active in colonization.  As a result, they had many ships sailing the seas and many chances to lose ships to poor navigation.  Longitude could be measured accurately on land by (a) using very accurate pendulum clocks and (b) using rare astronomical events to set the clock to match one at home. However, on a ship a pendulum clock is not very good!  The Royal Greenwich Observatory (now a museum, near London) was established mainly to find a way to solve the longitude problem for ships.  The RGO established its "meridian" by where it built the main instrument for timing stars.   There was some rivalry; the Paris Observatory had its own meridian and French sailors preferred to reckon longitude from there.  To make a long story short, the English solved the longitude problem and gained the Prime Meridian.
The first longitude line was the Prime Meridian. Any meridian could have been chosen as the Prime Meridian because they are all exactly the same. The Prime Meridian was selected by international agreement at the International Meridian Conference called by President Chester Arthur in October of Representatives from 25 nations met in Washington, D.C. All other longitude lines are measured in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian. There are a maximum of 180 degrees on longitude to the east or the west of the Prime Meridian

24. How latitude/longitude work together

25. How to read one Format Latitude before longitude
Latitude always N or S
Longitude always E or W
The U.S. Capitol is located at
38° 53'23"N
77° 00'27"W
38 degrees, 53 minutes, and 23 seconds north of the equator
77 degrees, no minutes and 27 seconds west of the meridian

26. Map Symbols

27. Black Blue Brown Green White Red roads, buildings
water, lakes, rivers, streams
Brown
contour lines
Green
vegetation
White
areas with little or no vegetation; white is also used to depict permanent snowfields and glaciers
Red
major highways; boundaries of public land areas

28. Map Scales

29. Scale A scale of 1:250,000 inches, feet, or meters
1 inch = 250,000 inches in real world
Most USGS maps are either 1:24,000, also known as 7 ½ minute maps

30. Assignment
Latitude and Longitude