1. The Qin and the Han
Remind them about the Zhou dynasty and their idea of the Mandate of Heaven.
EQ: How did the Qin Dynasty unify China?
strengthened imperial power, built highways and irrigation products, standardized weights, measure, coins, and writing.

2. The Qin New emperor was known as Shi Huangdi
In 221 B.C. Shi Huangdi began ending battles between warring states
Shi Huangdi was a Legalist
Tried wiping out Confucian teachings
Killed 460 critics
Burnt books with ideas he didn’t like
Shi Huangdi ran out nomad invaders
China grew even larger than what they were under Zhou

3. Uniting China Shi Huangdi wanted a strong central government
Took land from noble families*
Forced nobles to live at the capital
To unite lands he controlled he built highways and irrigation projects
Forced peasants to work on the projects
Set high taxes to fund his projects
Set government standards for weights, measures, coins, and writing**
*Weakened noble families
**By setting government standards it made trade easier throughout China
Think about it:
Why do you think he made nobles live at the capital?
Keep an eye on them

4. The Great Wall Shi Huangdi built a wall along the northern border*
Forced hundreds of thousands of peasants and criminals to build it
Many workers died from labor**
*Built wall to keep out invaders
**Deaths caused great resentment among the people
The Great Wall linked smaller walls that were built during the warring states period in 403 B.C.

5. The Qin Dynasty Ends Shi Haungdi died in 210 B.C.
He was buried in an elaborate tomb
Near his tomb terra cotta soldiers were buried*
Shi Haungdi’s son took over and was a less effective ruler
A civil war broke out and General Liu Bang defeated the Qin forces**
*Terracotta is baked clay
** Lee-oo bahng
REVIEW:
Why did Shi Haungdi kill so many Confucians?
Believed in Legalism and did not want Confucian ideas to be used
Why do you think he had soldiers made and placed around his tomb?
Protect him in the afterlife

6. The Han Dynasty Began in 202 B.C.
He continued the Qin policy of a strong central government but lowered taxes
Created less harsh punishments
The peasant men owed a month of labor to the government (building roads, canals and irrigation projects)
Bureaucracy- family members and trusted people*
Tested candidates on their knowledge of Confucianism to find the most educated and ethical people to run offices*
EQ: How did the Han rule China?
They used a bureaucracy
*Confucianism: Is it a religion or a philosophy?
VOCAB:
Bureaucracy:
officials chosen by the ruler ran offices, or bureaus. They helped enforce the emperor’s rule.

7. Empress Rules When Liu Bang died in 195 B.C. his widow ruled*
Their son was too young to be in charge
She outlived her son and continued to place infants on the throne *
She died in 180 B.C.
All of her relatives were executed
* Lee-oo
*Why do you think she placed infants on the throne as opposed to older individuals?
She was able to continue ruling because they were too young to rule.

8. Wudi began to rule the Han Empire Became known as Martial Emperor*
Expanding the Empire
Wudi began to rule the Han Empire
Became known as Martial Emperor*
Used war to expand China
Gained southern Chinese providences, northern Vietnam, and northern Korea
Faced rebellions, peasant revolts, floods, famine, and economic disasters and they still ruled until 220 A.D.
From 141 B.C. to 87 B.C.
*Because he used war to expand China
By the end of Wudi’s rule he had expanded China nearly as big as it is today.
REVIEW:
How did the Han rulers find people for government jobs?
Han rulers set up a system of tests. They tested for knowledge of Confucianism.

9. Life in Han China City Living Daily life Trade Education Government
Lived and worked on farms
Lived in villages
One to two story mud houses*
Rich farmers had an ox to pull plows**
Few simple tools
Simple clothing
North- raised wheat and millet
South- rice
Families had vegetable gardens for additional food
Meat and fish were pricey
Trade
Education
Government
Merchants, craftspeople, and government officials lived there
Crowded
Entertainment- musicians, jugglers, and acrobats
EQ: What was life like in Han China?
Many lived in small rural villages and worked as farmers. Others lived in cities and worked in business and government
*Barns, pigsties, and storage buildings were also located there.
**Poor had to pull their own plows.
REVIEW:
How was the lives of the farmers different from the city dwellers?

10. Overview: The Qin The Han Began in 202 B.C. Strong central government
Created less harsh punishments
Bureaucracy
Tested candidates on their knowledge of Confucianism*
Shi Huangdi was a legalist
Tried wiping out Confucian teachings
Killed 460 critics
Burnt books with ideas he didn’t like
Strong central government
To unite lands he controlled he built highways and irrigation projects
Set high taxes to fund his projects
Set government standards for weights, measures, coins, and writing
How did the Qin develop a strong central government?
Weakened noble families by keeping an eye on them and taking away land.
*Confucianism is a PHILOSOPHY