1. Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction

2. Let’s recap… Reconstruction? 13th, 14th, 15th amendment
Lincolns 10% plan
What did he suggest?
Lincolns assassination

3. What happens after Lincoln died???
Lincoln died leaving Vice President Andrew Johnson in charge
From North Carolina
Hated rich planters, found support with the poor white southerners
Was governor of Tennessee then a congressman
Johnson was the only southern congressman to remain in congress after succession
Chosen as Lincoln’s running mate to attract democratic voters

4. Johnson in Office Johnson took office in April 1865
Congress was not in session until December
During this time he created and implemented his own Reconstitution plan

5. Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan
1. southerners who swore allegiance to the Union were pardoned
2. each state could hold a constitutional convention
3. states were required to void succession, abolish slavery, and to accept the Confederate debt
4. states could then hold elections and rejoin the union

6. Let’s Think? Similar to Lincoln's plan, but was WAYYYY more lenient
He ended up pardoning 13,000 southerners in 1865
Many of which were confederate leaders!!!

7. Where were African American in all of this?
Ex-slaves across the America were celebrating their new freedom
13th amendment was passed in January 1865
Many knew that freedom was more than physical freedom
ECONOMIC FREEDOM!!
Freedom to worship
Freedom to learn/get an education
There was a push to get the government to redistribute land
This was not a popular idea

8. Freedmen’s Bureau Created in March 1865 by Congress
Just prior to Lincoln's death
1st major federal relief agency in US history
Lacked support, basically dismantled by 1869
Provided food, education, medical supplies to black and whites

9. Black Codes States entered back into the Union under Johnson’s plan
States immediately made Black Codes
Laws that restricted freedman's rights
Basically returned blacks to slave like submission

10. Black Codes Continued Vagrancy laws Not working Labor contracts
Agreements for a year of work
Land restrictions
Freed people could only own/rent land in rural areas

11. 14th Amendment
Northern Republicans were not happy with the way southerners were regaining power (black codes)
They were MAD at Johnson
Congress used their ability to amend the Constitution
1866 passed a Civil Rights Act (outlawed Black Codes) Johnson Vetoed it
His party/ most in congress did not support him
June of 1866 congress built equal rights into the constitution with the 14th amendment

12. What actually worked? Radical reconstruction
Radical and moderate republicans
Both groups opposed Johnsons policies
Opposed the spread of black codes
Favored expansion of republican party in the south
However, moderates were not in favor of racial equality
Violence against blacks began to grow
Johnson still opposed equal rights for blacks

13. Reconstruction Act of 1867
1. it put the south under military rule, dividing it into five districts, each governed by a northern general
2. it ordered southern states to hold new elections for delegates to create new state constitutions
3. it required states to allow ALL qualified male voters, including blacks, to vote in the elections
4. it temporarily barred those who had supported the confederacy from voting
5. it required southern states to guarantee equal rights to ALL citizens
6. it Requires states to ratify the 14th Amendment

15. Johnson impeached Johnson is getting weary of those in office
Tried to fire the secretary of war,
This was actually unconstitutional
Congress voted to impeach Johnson on Feb 24, 1868
The trial failed to convict him on May 16, 1868
He served the remaining months of his term practically powerless
In the 1868 election the Republican candidate Ulysses S. Grant won

16. 15th Amendment
Post election of 1868, with Republicans in power, there was a push for the right to vote
February 1869 congress passed the 15th amendment
No citizen could be denied the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude
New, never before seen, access for black to the government