2. TEKS 8.9A: evaluate legislative reform programs of the Radical Reconstruction Congress and reconstructed state governments
TEKS 8.9B: evaluate the impact of the election of Hiram Rhodes Revels
TEKS 8.9C: explain the economic, political, and social problems during Reconstruction and evaluate their impact on different groups
TEKS 8.9D: identify the effects of legislative acts such as the Homestead Act, the Dawes Act, and the Morrill Act
TEKS 8.16B: describe the impact of 19th-century amendments, including the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, on life in the United States.

3. Reconstruction
Reconstruction: The period ( ) during which the states that had seceded to the Confederacy were controlled by the federal government before and shortly after being readmitted to the Union.

5. Video Questions:
How did the other members of Lincoln’s administration survive April 14?
Grant?
Johnson?
Seward (Secretary of State)?
How does the video describe Johnson’s personality?
What was Johnson’s political party? What is remarkable about this?
What are Radical Republicans?

6. Presidential Reconstruction
Johnson’s Plan
(Also lenient)
Kept Lincoln’s 10% rule
Pardoned many high ranking confederates
Johnson returned land to former plantation owners
Southern states passed “Black Codes” which restricted the rights of freed slaves
His lenient policies angered many Republican lawmakers
Johnson is impeached by the House, but is acquitted in the Senate
Lincoln’s Plan
(Lenient)
States could be re-admitted once 10% of voters swore an oath of allegiance to the Union
Southerners would be pardoned (not charged with any crimes) except for high ranking political and military leaders
Private property would be protected
States would reconstruct themselves, with little interference from the federal government

7. Congressional Reconstruction (Also called Radical Reconstruction)
Republicans wanted to punish the south for causing the war
Johnson’s leniency angered many in the North and Republicans won control of both houses of Congress
The Reconstruction Act of 1867 divided southern states into military districts that were governed by Union generals
Martial [military] law was declared. Troops enforced laws and protected former slaves.
The Civil Rights Act is passed, giving rights to freedmen
The 14th Amendment is passed. Former slaves are now citizens.
States must ratify the 14th Amendment before being readmitted to the Union.
Congress passes the Tenure of Office Act, then impeaches Johnson when he ignores the law.

8. Do you see any reason why Military District 5 might be more difficult for federal troops to control than the other districts?
Do you

9. Any citizen has the right to:
TEKS 8.9A: evaluate legislative reform programs of the Radical Reconstruction Congress and reconstructed state governments
Civil Rights Act of 1866
declared that people born in the United States ... are entitled to be citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude.
Any citizen has the right to:
make and enforce contracts,
sue and be sued,
give evidence in court, and serve on juries
inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold,...personal property
*These regulations were enforced by federal troops during reconstruction.

10. Set up to help freed slaves Find food, shelter and medical aid
TEKS 8.9A: evaluate legislative reform programs of the Radical Reconstruction Congress and reconstructed state governments
Freedmen’s Bureau
Set up to help freed slaves
Find food, shelter and medical aid
Reunite separated families
Find work
Supervised labor contracts
In place from

12. TEKS 8.9A: evaluate legislative reform programs of the Radical Reconstruction Congress and reconstructed state governments
“Black Codes”
Laws passed in southern states to limit the rights of newly freed slaves.
Denied rights such as:
Voting
Serving on juries
Owning land
Required blacks to have signed labor contracts and was designed to insure plantations a steady, inexpensive labor force
*These laws were passed in contradiction to the Civil Rights Acts. After federal troops were withdrawn at the end of Reconstruction, southern states were able to enforce these laws and segregation became a way of life in the south for the next hundred years.

14. TEKS 8.9A: evaluate legislative reform programs of the Radical Reconstruction Congress and reconstructed state governments
Reconstruction Act
Creation of five military districts in the seceded states
Each district was to be governed by a Union general
Voters were to be registered; all freedmen were to be included as well as those white men who took an extended loyalty oath
New state constitutions had to provide for black suffrage
States were required to ratify the 14th Amendment prior to readmission.
*Show clip

16. TEKS 8.9B: evaluate the impact of the election of Hiram Rhodes Revels
Revels was the first African American to serve in the United States Senate. He served from

18. RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS
TEKS 8.16B: describe the impact of 19th-century amendments, including the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, on life in the United States.
RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS

19. Must not have taken arms against the U.S.
TEKS 8.9D: identify the effects of legislative acts such as the Homestead Act, the Dawes Act, and the Morrill Act
Gave 160 acres of federal land west of the Mississippi River to those who met certain qualifications:
Anyone, including former slaves could apply
Must not have taken arms against the U.S.
Must live on the land for five years
Must improve the land (Build a house, plant crops, etc.)
In response to increased demand for western land
Designed to take land from Native American tribes and re-distribute it to individual Native American families
Left over land would be sold by the government to settlers
It was supposed to help Native American assimilate into American society
Had a devastating affect on tribes
Each state was given federal land to use or sell to establish agricultural and mechanical colleges
Amount of land each state was given was determined by how many representatives they had in Congress
The colleges also taught military tactics
Colleges funded include: Cornell, MIT, Iowa State, and dozens of Historically Black Colleges and Universities
*Show clip

20. Homestead Act
Gave 160 acres of federal land west of the Mississippi River to those who met certain qualifications:
Anyone, including former slaves could apply
Must not have taken arms against the U.S.
Must live on the land for five years
Must improve the land (Build a house, plant crops, etc.)

22. Dawes Act In response to increased demand for western land
Designed to take land from Native American tribes and re-distribute it to individual Native American families
Left over land would be sold by the government to settlers
It was supposed to help Native American assimilate into American society
Had a devastating affect on tribes

25. Morrill Act
Each state was given federal land to use or sell to establish agricultural and mechanical colleges
Amount of land each state was given was determined by how many representatives they had in Congress
The colleges also taught military tactics
Colleges funded include: Cornell, MIT, Iowa State, and dozens of Historically Black Colleges and Universities

27. Group
Economic Problems
Political Problems
Social Problems
Poor southern whites
Loss of land, poverty, many lost male family members in the war
Not allowed to vote if served in CSA Army
Loss of status due to Civil Rights Act, resentment, poverty
Freed slaves
Began with no resources, homelessness, poverty, discrimination, Black Codes
No rights (under Presidential Reconstruction), lack of education
Lack of education, family separation, poverty, discrimination

28. Group
Economic Problems
Political Problems
Social Problems
Plantation owners
Labor shortage, loss of land (but many regained land during Presidential Reconstruction)
Loss of rights to vote or hold office (under Congressional/Radical Reconstruction)
Many lost male family members to the war, loss of income, frustration at losing war
“Scalawags”
(White, southern Republicans)
Unofficial boycotts, many lost land and resources (like everyone else)
Were rejected after enforced Reconstruction ended
Were outcast by many fellow white southerners, were considered “traitors”

30. Scroll says, “Rule or Ruin”
Bag is labeled, “Carpet Bag and Bayonet Rule”
Sash is labeled, “Solid South”
Carpet bags were popular luggage in 1860s. “Carpetbagger” was a pejorative term for a northerner who came south during reconstruction to enforce Reconstruction policies

31. Not as many as other groups, many had government or personal resources
Economic Problems
Political Problems
Social Problems
“Carpetbaggers”
(White northerners who came south to enforce Reconstruction or to take advantage of southerners)
Not as many as other groups, many had government or personal resources
Resistance from white southerners to political and social changes
Were considered “the enemy” by many white southerners