1. Thought Jot
Imagine that you are a slave who has just been set free. Describe how you are feeling, what you will do next, where you will go, and any challenges you think you might face.

2. Presidential Reconstruction
President Lincoln’s Plan
10% Plan
Oaths of Allegiance
“Loyalty” Governments
13th Amendment
Freedmen’s Bureau

3. 13th Amendment Ratified in December, 1865.
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

4. Freedmen’s Bureau (1865)
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands.
Many former northern abolitionists risked their lives to help southern freedmen.
Called “carpetbaggers” by white southern Democrats.

5. Freedmen’s Bureau (1865)
The Freedmen’s Bureau assisted newly freed slaves transition to freedom
It helped:
Provide jobs
Settle disputes between former slaves and masters
Labor Contracts
Protect Freedmen’s rights
Build schools and churches

6. President Andrew Johnson (replaces Lincoln)
Lincoln’s Vice-President
Northern Democrat (Lincoln was Republican)
Against Rich planters in the South
White Supremacist.
Agreed with Lincoln that states had never legally left the Union.

7. Johnson’s 10%+ Plan Take Loyalty Oath and receive pardon
Confederate civil and military officers and those with property over $20,000 must be personally pardoned by President Johnson
New constitutions for rebellious states
No Slavery, No Rebellion, No Confederate Debt
Named temporary governors to oversee elections for constitutional conventions.

8. Johnson’s 10%+ Plan
Effects:
Barred Confederate military and political leaders from future positions of power
Pardoned planter aristocrats, bringing them back into control in Southern states.
Republicans become furious that he pardoned planters and turn on the President.

9. Growing Northern Alarm!
Many Southern state constitutions fell short of minimum requirements.
Johnson granted 13,500 special pardons.
Revival of southern defiance.
BLACK CODES

10. Black Codes
Purpose:
Guarantee stable labor supply now that blacks were emancipated.
Restore pre-emancipation race relations.
Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers [tenant farmers].

11. How did sharecropping work?
· Freedmen would farm land belonging to white owners, oftentimes their old masters.
Plantation
Land worked by sharecroppers.
· Freedmen would pay rent for the land they farmed by giving the landowner a percentage of their crops.
· In addition, freedmen would purchase seed, tools, and other supplies from the landowner.
* As a result, freedmen were in constant debt to the landowners and were never able to earn a profit. If they tried to move, they could be arrested. Therefore, freedmen became tied down to the land, in a state similar to slavery.

12. Analyzing Primary Sources
Working in pairs or small groups, you will evaluate primary sources relating to the Freedmen’s Bureau.
Each group will have a different source to analyze.
You will use the Document Analysis Worksheet.
When you finish, you will share their resource with the class.

13. Freedmen Labor & Employment

14. Freedmen Churches & Schools

15. Freedmen’s Bureau: Laws, Justice, & Violence

16. Freedmen’s Bureau & Carpetbaggers