1. Unit 3: Civil War

2. Reconstruction Key Goals: Bring the South back into the union
Integrate and protect freedmen

3. Phases of Reconstruction
Phase 1: Presidential Reconstruction
Phase 2: Radical Reconstruction
1877 Phase 3: “Redemption” / End of Reconstruction

4. Political Parties
Lincoln: A more moderate Republican
Southern Democrats – Want a system as close to slavery as possible
Radical Republicans –
Hate slavery, want the South to give Black Americans rights
Johnson: Southerner who sympathized with the South

5. Phase 1: Presidential Reconstruction
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
Pardon to Confederates who swore allegiance to the Union
After 10% of the people had sworn allegiance, states could create new state Constitutions
States could then hold elections
Lincoln’s idea during war – Dec 1863
This idea offered a tone of forgiveness
But Congress wanted to punish the South & Lincoln is assassinated
The 10% plan never went into effect

6. President Johnson Southerner who was allied with poor whites
Was chosen as Lincoln’s running mate to try to get Lincoln Southern support

7. Phase 1: Johnson’s Plan
States had to void secession and abolish slavery
Allowed states to hold Constitutional Conventions
Pardoned wealthy Southerners who swore allegiance
Significance: More generous to the South than either Lincoln or RR’s

8. Southern Defiance
South started enacting Black Codes and Jim Crow laws to limit African-Americans rights
Violence against African-Americans increases
Birth of the KKK
Curfews
Vagrancy laws
Labor contracts
Land restrictions

9. Phase 2: Radical Reconstruction
Put the South under military rule
Forced states to allow all men to vote
Supporters of the Confederacy could not vote
Required states to guarantee equal rights to all
States had to ratify 14th Amendment

10. Phase 2 Negatives: Sharecropping
Summary:
Freedmen rent land/materials/tools
Whites own the land
Freedmen only get “shares”
Forever in debt

11. Phase 2 Positives: African-Americans in Government
Thousands of African-Americans were elected to local and state governments in the South
17 African-Americans were elected to Congress from

12. Phase 2 Positives: Freedmen’s Bureau - 1865
Gives African-Americans:
Schools
Jobs
Training

13. Compromise of 1877 Republican Hayes lost popular vote to Samuel Tilden
Electoral vote disputed
Southern Democrats agreed to give Hayes the win if:
He took federal troops out of South
Give $ to South for railroads and levees

14. Reconstruction Dies In South…
Former Confederates pardoned, return to power
Democrats from South blocked national reforms
Supreme Court limits 14th and 15th Amendments, lets states “protect” rights

15. Phase 3: “Redemption”
The term is from the perspective of Southern whites
Feel they’re being redeemed – regaining what they’d lost

16. During “Redemption” KKK reemerges
More than 100 lynchings a year recorded
Homes burned, people terrorized
Jim Crow laws
Enforce complete segregation
Suppression of voting
Directly – threats & whips
Gerrymandering
Literacy tests