1. Unit 3: Civil War & Reconstruction

2. Assassination of President Lincoln
Lincoln elected to his second term in 1864
April 14, 1865, he is assassinated at Ford’s Theater in Washington, DC
John Wilkes Booth
Believed he was saving the Confederacy

3. Assassination of President Lincoln
Most of America, even the South, was shocked
Northerners blamed Southerners and wanted the South punished
Vice President Andrew Johnson takes over
Tension between North & South extremely high

4. Reconstruction
A period of rebuilding (especially the South) & reorganization
thousands of former slaves suddenly found themselves free individuals
Much of what happened during this time will set the stage for race relations that continue today

5. # African-Americans in Congress
Years
# African-Americans in Congress 15 2 4 3 5 1 7 21
2017 50
What do you notice? Why do you think this happened?

6. Objectives What happened after the Civil War?
Why did it take 100+ years for black Americans to get equal rights?

7. Reconstruction Key Goals: Bring the South back into the union
Integrate and protect freedmen

8. Phases of Reconstruction
Phase 1: Presidential Reconstruction
Phase 2: Radical Reconstruction
1877 Phase 3: “Redemption” / End of Reconstruction

9. Political Parties
Lincoln: A more moderate Republican
Southern Democrats – Want a system as close to slavery as possible
Radical Republicans –
Hate slavery, want the South to give Black Americans rights
Johnson: Southerner who sympathized with the South

10. Phase 1: Presidential Reconstruction
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
Pardon to Confederates who swore allegiance to the Union
After 10% of the people had sworn allegiance, states could create new state Constitutions
States could then hold elections
Lincoln’s idea during war – Dec 1863
This idea offered a tone of forgiveness
But Congress wanted to punish the South & Lincoln is assassinated
The 10% plan never went into effect

11. President Johnson Southerner who was allied with poor whites
Was chosen as Lincoln’s running mate to try to get Lincoln Southern support

12. Phase 1: Johnson’s Plan
Allowed states to hold Constitutional Conventions
States had to void secession and abolish slavery
Pardoned wealthy Southerners who swore allegiance
Significance: More generous to the South than either Lincoln or RR’s

13. Southern Defiance
South started enacting Black Codes and Jim Crow laws to limit African-Americans rights
Violence against African-Americans increases
Birth of the KKK
Curfews
Vagrancy laws
Labor contracts
Land restrictions

14. Phase 2: Radical Reconstruction
President Grant ( )
Put the South under military rule
Forced states to allow all men to vote
Supporters of the Confederacy could not vote
States had to ratify 14th Amendment
Required states to guarantee equal rights to all

15. Phase 2 Negatives: Sharecropping
Summary:
Whites own the land
Freedmen rent land/materials/tools
Freedmen only get “shares”
Forever in debt

16. Phase 2 Positives: African-Americans in Government
Thousands of African-Americans were elected to local and state governments in the South
17 African-Americans were elected to Congress from

17. Phase 2 Positives: Freedmen’s Bureau - 1865
Gives African-Americans:
Schools
Jobs
Training

18. Compromise of 1877
Republican Hayes lost popular vote to Democrat Samuel Tilden
Electoral vote disputed
Southern Democrats agreed to give Hayes the win if:
He took federal troops out of South
Give $ to South for railroads and levees

19. Reconstruction Dies In South…
Former Confederates pardoned, return to power
Democrats from South blocked national reforms
Supreme Court limits 14th and 15th Amendments, lets states “protect” rights