1. Mr. Kilbourn

2. State of the South

8. Questions of Reconstruction
How to rebuild the South after the Civil War?
How to readmit the Confederate states to the Union?

9. Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan
Offer amnesty (pardon) to those willing to take a loyalty oath to the United States
Once 10 percent of the population of a state take the oath (often forcefully) then that state is readmitted as a state

10. Andrew Johnson Democrat From Tennessee
Remained loyal to the Union when TN seceded

11. Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan
Pardon all southerners who take an oath of loyalty to the Union
Former Confederate states could set up state governments

12. Johnson’ Reconstruction Plan
Each state needed to vote against their secession and ratify the 13th amendment

13. Black Codes
Southern laws which limited Blacks rights such as voting, bearing arms, owning property
Also incorporated low wages and crimes against being vagrants… jobless
Lasted for 2 years after the war and were gone before states were readmitted

14. Radical Republicans
Opposed Johnson’s plan
Led by Thaddeus Stevens

15. Impeachment of Johnson
Johnson vetoed many anti-southern policies from Congress
Congress overrode his vetoes
He also nominated people to executive offices that were very unpopular by Congress because of their political beliefs

16. Impeachment of Johnson (1868)
House of Representatives voted for his impeachment
Senate put Johnson on trial
Final vote – one vote shy of removing him from office
After his trial Congress took over the job of Reconstruction

17. Military Reconstruction Act
Passed by Congress in order to keep the rebel states in check
Divided the South in five military districts
Union general was in charge of each district
Forced southern states to write a new Constitution that included the 14 Amendment
Those loyal to the south were not allowed to vote
Military Reconstruction Act

18. Fourteenth Amendment June 1866
Granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States (other than Indians)

19. Fifteenth Amendment March 1870
Right to vote cannot be denied “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude”

20. Freedmen’s Bureau Task of feeding and clothing former slaves
And some very poor whites
Find work for them
Negotiate labor contracts
Began education
Help them get off plantation lands
Freedmen’s Bureau

21. Freedmen’s Bureau

22. Freedmen’s Bureau

23. Sharecropping New system for agriculture
Tenant farmers paid rent with a share of their crops

24. Sharecropping
Landlords – landowners who control the land the sharecroppers used
Crop liens – crops taken to cover debts

25. Sharecropping
Sharecroppers became trapped because farmers could not pay their debts

26. Republicans in the South
By 1870, all former Confederate states had joined the Union
Republicans held all the political power

27. Carpetbaggers
Northerners either moving into the South or Union soldiers staying in the South
Named after their bags as it was only a Yankee thing to have them
Became involved in politics
60 were elected to Congress in the South

28. Scalawags
White southerners who worked with Republicans (Yankees) and supported Reconstruction

29. Ku Klux Klan Started in 1866 by Nathaniel Bedford Forrest
Secret society
Mostly former Confederate soldiers

30. Goals of the KKK Drive out carpetbaggers
Regain control of the South for the Democratic Party
Used terror

31. Tactics of the KKK Broke up Republican meetings
Harassed Freedmen’s Bureau workers
Burned homes, churches, schools
Kept Republicans (white and black) from voting

32. Letter to the U.S. Senate
“We believe you are not familiar with the description of the Ku Klux Klan’s riding nightly over the country, going from county to county, and in the county towns spreading terror wherever they go by robbing, whipping, ravishing, and killing our people without provocation We pray you will take some steps to remedy these evils.”

33. Ku Klux Klan Act Passed by Congress in 1871 Suspended Habeas Corpus
signed by the now President Ulysses S. Grant
Outlawed activities of the Klan
Federal arrests
Made mostly for the states of the deep south GA, FL, MS, and specifically SC
Ku Klux Klan Act

34. Compromise of 1877 1876 – presidential election
Republican – Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio
Union officer who was wounded five times and earned a reputation for bravery in combat and was promoted to the rank of major general.
Democrat – Samuel Tilden of New York
Didn’t fight in civil war and favored compromising with Union demands

35. Compromise of 1877 Tilden had more electoral Votes
Election results were disputed in 4 states
Compromise was that Hayes would become President in exchange for troop removal of the south
Rutherford B. Hayes won with the support of southern Democrats
Compromise of 1877

36. End of Reconstruction April 1877
Hayes pulled federal troops out of the South
Southern Democrats took control of all state legislatures