1. Celts
Pushed into Ireland, Wales, and Scotland by the Angles and Saxons.

2. King John
Signed the Magna Carta in 1215

3. Vassal
A noble who served a lord of a higher rank

4. Doomsday Book
A census taken in England by William Conqueror

5. Hildegard of Bingen
Headed a convent in Germany and composed church music

6. English Channel
The body of water that separates Britain, Scotland, and Ireland from the rest of Europe.

7. Black Death
A plague that swept across Europe and Asia during the Middle Ages and killed millions of people

8. Vikings
People from Scandinavia who raided villages in Europe

9. Anti-Semitism
Hatred of Jewish people

10. Kievan Rus
A group of small territories in Eastern Europe ruled by Vikings

11. The First Crusade
Drove Muslims from Jerusalem

12. Henry II
Established the jury system in England

13. Edward I
Called for a meeting of people from different parts of England, which came to be called the Parliament

14. Clovis
Frankish King who became Catholic

15. Thomas Aquinas
A priest who combined Church teachings with the ideas of Aristotle. He was considered to be the father of scholasticism.

16. Gregory the Great
Sent missionaries throughout Europe to convert people to Catholicism

17. Joan of Arc
A young French peasant who led soldier in the Hundred Years’ War.

18. Code of chivalry
A guide for knights’ good behavior

19. Francis of Assisi
Founder of the first order of friars who helped the poor and served as missionaries

20. Alps
Separates Italy from the rest of Europe

21. The geography of Europe provided
Opportunities for trade
Ample fishing
Safety
All of the above

22. Charlemagne believed in
Excommunication
Education
Civil service exams
Taoism

23. Why was Charlemagne successful?
He had a strong military
He had the support of pope
He set up courts throughout his empire
All of the above

24. Most peasants who lived in western Europe during the Middle Ages
Were unfree laborers on fiefs
Were slaves on plantations
Fought on horseback for their lord
Paid nobles for the right to farm land

25. Medieval cities were Very crowded Often run by a city council
Dirty, smelly, and polluted
All of the above

26. The Magna Carta Gave the king unlimited power
Limited the power of the pope
Freed all serfs in England
Limited the power of the king

27. The Crusades were holy wars launched by
Catholics against Muslim Turks
Christians against Jews
Muslim Turks against Jews
Muslim Turks against Catholics

28. What effect did the Crusades have on Europe?
They increased trade
They broke feudalism
They helped strong central governments emerge
All of the above

29. Which of the following was a feature of Gothic cathedrals?
A flat roof
Stained glass windows
Think walls
All of the above

30. Approximately how many Europeans died from the plague?
About 10%
About 25%
About 50%
Almost everyone