1. The Middle Ages
Coach Tomlin
Elkin High School

2. Periodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
High Middle Ages: – 1250
Late Middle Ages:

3. Europe in the 6c

4. The Medieval Catholic Church
filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world.
monasticism:
St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
provided schools for the children of the upper class.
inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.
monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

5. The Power of the Medieval Church
bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.
the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.
tried to curb feudal warfare  only days a year for combat.
curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition
tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.
Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

6. A Medieval Monk’s Day

7. A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

8. Illuminated Manuscripts

9. Romanesque Architectural Style
Rounded Arches.
Barrel vaults.
Thick walls.
Darker, simplistic interiors.
Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

10. Charlemagne: 742 to 814

11. Charlemagne’s Empire

12. Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

13. The Carolingian Renaissance

14. Carolingian Miniscule

15. The Rise of European Monarchies: England

16. Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843

17. Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

18. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

19. Parts of a Medieval Castle

20. The Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT
SQUIRE
PAGE

21. Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

22. The Medieval Manor

23. Life on the Medieval Manor
Serfs at work

24. The
"Renaissance"
of the 12c

25. William the Conqueror: Battle of Hastings, 1066 (Bayeaux Tapestry)

26. Evolution of England’s Political System
Henry I:
William’s son.
set up a court system.
Exchequer  dept. of royal finances.
Henry II:
established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.
grand jury.
trial by jury.

27. Evolution of England’s Political System
Henry I:
William’s son.
set up a court system.
Exchequer  dept. of royal finances.
Henry II:
established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.
grand jury.
trial by jury.

28. Magna Carta, 1215 Runnymeade “Great Charter”
King John I
Runnymeade
“Great Charter”
monarchs were not above the law.
kings had to consult a council of advisors.
kings could not tax arbitrarily.

29. Time of Conflict
Treaty of Verdun: Signed to end Civil War among the ancestors of Charlemagne after his death.
Eleanor of Aquatine: Ruled England while her 2nd husband, Henry II was away at Crusades. She was the subject of many songs written by Troubadours.
Song of Roland: Heroic Poem based on the Battle of Ronceveaux in France

30. The Beginnings of the British Parliament
Great Council:
middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c.
eventually called Parliament.
by 1400, two chambers evolved:
House of Lords  nobles & clergy.
House of Commons  knights and burgesses.

31. Conflicts, contd.
Red Beard: refers to King Frederick Barborosa, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor
Benedict: Italian Monk, wrote book that set guidelines for religious communities in W. Europe.
Charles Martel: Mayor of Palace in 719. Defeated Muslim invaders in Battle of Tourghs

32. Conflict
Concordat of Worms: Solved the issue of Lay Investiture, said Church could appoint bishops, emperor had the power of Veto.
Pope Leo III: Crowned Charlemagne Emperor in 800
Lomard League: Made up of Italian Merchants and the Pope, defeated forces of Frederick Battle of Legnaro

33. Conflicts
Gregory VII: Banned Lay Investiture. Excommunicated Henry IV.
Allowed Henry back into the church.
Never resolved the issue of Lay Investiture.

34. The Rise of European Monarchies: France

35. Gothic Architectural Style
Pointed arches.
High, narrow vaults.
Thinner walls.
Flying buttresses.
Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors.
Stained-glass windows.
“Flying” Buttresses

36. Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

37. Setting Out on Crusade

38. Christian Crusades: East and West

39. Medieval Universities

40. Oxford University

41. Late Medieval Town Dwellings

42. Medieval Trade

43. Medieval Guilds Guild Hall
Commercial Monopoly:
Controlled membership apprentice  journeyman  master craftsman
Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].
Controlled prices

44. Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

45. Crest of a Cooper’s Guild