1. The European Middle Ages: Part 2

2. Periodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
High Middle Ages: – 1250
Late Middle Ages:

3. William the Conqueror: Battle of Hastings, 1066 (Bayeux Tapestry)

4. King Harold’s Death?

5. King Harold’s Death?

6. William the Conqueror

7. The Death of William the Conqueror
Age doesn't seem to have mellowed William much. He was still frequenting battlefields in his early sixties. While fighting the French at the Battle of Mantes, he was thrown against the pommel of his saddle so violently that his intestines burst. Five weeks later -- on September 9, England's conqueror died. His servants stripped him bare and abandoned his body, but a kind-hearted knight arranged a funeral for him at the abbey of St. Stephen in Caen.
The funeral was disrupted by the outbreak of a fire. After extinguishing it, the pallbearers tried to cram the king's bloated corpse into a too-small sarcophagus. The body exploded, creating a horrible smell that sent mourners running for the exits. Over the ensuing centuries William's tomb was twice desecrated by French rebels -- an ignoble end for one of history's greatest conquerors.

8. Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

9. The Power of the Medieval Church
bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.
the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.
tried to curb feudal warfare  only days a year for combat.
curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition
tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.
Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

10. The Medieval Manor

11. Life on the Medieval Manor
Serfs at work

12. Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

13. Setting Out on Crusade

14. Map of the Crusades

15. Christian Crusades: East and West

16. King Richard I

18. Richard Watches Massacre
A grim scene of Richard Coeur de Lion massacring his Saracen hostages in the Holy Land. From his balcony, Richard complacently observes the gruesome spectacle. Headless corpses are piled up beneath a platform on which two blindfolded men are about to be beheaded. Others await their turn, while soldiers lead the next victims to the ladder.

19. Tomb-effigy of King Richard I at Fontevrault Abbey

20. The Children’s Crusade (1212)

21. The Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT
SQUIRE
PAGE

22. Romanesque Architectural Style
Rounded Arches.
Barrel vaults.
Thick walls.
Darker, simplistic interiors.
Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

23. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

24. Parts of a Medieval Castle

25. Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

26. King John I
Born 1167
Crowned 1199
Died 1216

27. Magna Carta, 1215 Great Charter” monarchs were not above the law.
King John I
Great Charter”
monarchs were not above the law.
kings had to consult a council of advisors.
kings could not tax arbitrarily.

28. Gothic Architectural Style
Pointed arches.
High, narrow vaults.
Thinner walls.
Flying buttresses.
Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors.
Stained-glass windows.
“Flying” Buttresses

29. Late Medieval Town Dwellings

30. Medieval Trade

31. Medieval Guilds Guild Hall
Commercial Monopoly:
Controlled membership apprentice  journeyman  master craftsman
Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].
Controlled prices

32. Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

33. Joan of Arc

34. The Beginnings of the British Parliament
Great Council:
middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c.
eventually called Parliament.
by 1400, two chambers evolved:
House of Lords  nobles & clergy.
House of Commons  knights and burgesses.