1. Medieval Europe
( AD)

2. I. The Medieval Christian Church- the Roman Catholic Church becomes stabilizing force during the “Dark Ages”

3. A. Catholic Church clergy- led by the Pope, Cardinals, Archbishops, Bishops, and priests

4. Structure of Medieval Catholicism
Pope
Cardinals
Archbishops/Bishops
Priests

5. Roman Catholicism Today

6. 1. Clergy responsible for copying Greek/Roman texts, the Bible, preserving education in Europe

7. B. Warlike Germanic kingdoms in N. & E
B. Warlike Germanic kingdoms in N. & E. Europe converted to Catholicism ( )

8. C. Church built Gothic Cathedrals (tall, pointed, stained glass windows, gargoyles)

9. Bourges Cathedral (France)

10. Westminster Abbey (England)

11. Notre Dame Cathedral (France)

14. Think About It...
*Why do you think medieval cathedral builders made their churches so large?
*Why did they include stained glass windows of Bible stories?

15. Gargoyles

16. 1. In 1054 Christians in E. Europe, Russia, & Greece denied the authority of the Pope & created the Christian Eastern Orthodox Church, divided East & West

17. St. Basil’s Cathedral (Russia)

18. Eastern Orthodox Church Today

19. II. Civilization In The Early Middle Ages

20. A. The Franks develop the first medieval empire (500-800 AD)
Charlemagne

21. Under king Charlemagne, the Franks
ruled most of Western Europe, spread
Catholicism to new areas
2. After Charlemagne’s death, empire broke
apart, creating modern nations of
Germany, France, & Italy

22. Division of Charlemagne’s Empire (870 AD)
FRANKISH EMPIRE

23. B. Western Europe develops system of Feudalism- system of loyalties from king, to lord, to knight, to serf (peasant)

24. Structure & Rules of Feudalism
King/Queen
Military service, obedience
Land, Power, Respect
Lords/Nobles
Military service, obedience
Land, Power, Respect
Knights
Protection
Serfs (Peasants)
Labor

25. A. Government based on monarchy- rule by king/queen

26. C. Economy based on the manor- self-sufficient communities with church, mill, cottages all surrounding king/lord’s castle

27. Medieval Manor

34. 1. Trade, cities, money disappear in some areas

35. 2. Feudal justice- lord’s responsibility to settle disputes with a trial by battle (knights) or a trial by ordeal (serfs)
A Medieval torture known as “The Rack”

36. 3. Code of Chivalry- knights should be generous/ brave, respectful of women, family honor, rules of warfare

37. Medieval Weapons
FLAIL
MACE
LONG
SWORD
POLEAXE

40. D. Lords fight each other in many small wars using siege warfare- attacking each other’s manors/castles

41. E. Language- use of vernacular (common) languages replace Latin, two major categories:
1. Romance- French, Spanish, Italian
2. Germanic- German, English, Dutch

42. THEROMANSWERESMARTANDALLBUTTHEYWROTELIKETHISITCOULDBEHARDTOREADBECAUSEALLLETTERSWERECAPITALIZEDANDPUNCTUATIONWASMISSING
The Franks used a more stylized Latin alphabet that included capitals and lower case letters as well as spaces between the words.

43. F. Innovations- eye glasses, clock invented, Arabic number system used, improvements in metal working/ ship building

45. G. Vikings from Scandinavia raided and traded throughout Europe (700-1000 AD)

46. Viking Ships

47. 1. Viking Leif Erikson reaches N. America (1000 AD)

48. Viking Expansion (750-1000 AD)

49. The Viking World ( )

50. III. Growth of Royal Power In England

51. Hastings

52. A. Battle of Hastings (1066)- fought between English king Harold & William the Duke of Normandy, William wins and becomes a model king
William, Duke of Normandy

53. Battle of Hastings (1066)

55. Bayeux Tapestry
“King Harold is killed”

56. 1. Wrote the Domesday book to gather taxes efficiently

57. 2. Created one system of trade, laws, courts
William built the Tower of London

58. B. William’s descendents reformed England: granted rights, ended feudal trials, & restored trial by jury

59. C. Magna Carta (Great Charter)- written in 1215, created a limited monarchy, king must govern with an elected representative assembly– Parliament

60. Magna Carta

61. Think About It...
*What did King William & his descendents do to make England a strong nation?

62. 1. Parliament- divided into 2 houses: House of Lords (Bishops, Lords), House of Commons (knights, villagers)
2. England has first form of democracy since Romans

63. D. By 1350, England controls Ireland & Scotland (despite a rebellion led by William Wallace & Robert Bruce) & emerges as a regional power
Statue of William Wallace in Scotland

64. The Emergence of England (900-1400)