1. Middle Ages Review 500-1500 Feudalism and the Manor System
The Crusades – a series of wars, , in which European Christians battled Muslims for control of the Holy Land
The Black Death – an epidemic of the bubonic plague that swept Europe from , killing about 1/3 of population
The Hundred Years’ War – a series of conflicts between England and France from , in which England lost control of most of its territory to France

2. Describe the ideal person today
Describe the ideal person today. Looking at society as a whole, what is the main emphasis in the United states for most people? (religion, their children, cars, etc.)

3. Read page 417
Answer questions 1 and 2

4. 1300-1500(1600) Transition from medieval times to modern times
Renaissance
(1600)
Transition from medieval times to modern times

5. The Renaissance = “rebirth”
was a time when creative thinking and new technology helped people to more accurately understand their world.
Slow shift from agricultural to urban society
New attitude to learning and culture
Old focus – religion and spirituality
New focus – richness and variety of human experience in the here and now

6. New emphasis on individual achievement
The Renaissance ideal was a person with talents in many fields
New spirit of adventure
Navigators, scientists, writers, artists – exploring new areas
“To (man) it is granted to have whatever he chooses, to be whatever he wills.” – Pico Della Mirandola

7. Humanism
At the heart of the Italian Renaissance was an intellectual movement known as Humanism.
Studied classical culture of Greece and Rome but used that study to increase their understanding of their own times.
Believed education should stimulate creative efforts

8. Humanism
Emphasized humanities – grammar, rhetoric (study of using language effectively), poetry, history
Francesco Petrarch (PEE trahrk)
Florentine who lived in 1300s
early Renaissance poet, humanist, scholar
Assembled large library of Greek and Roman manuscripts
Him and others allowed works of Cicero, Homer, Virgil to be rediscovered by Western Europeans

9. Italy – cradle of the Renaissance
Birthplace
Over next 100 years, it spread to rest of Europe and eventually transformed the entire Western world.
Why was it the birthplace?

10. Why? Italy’s history and geography History Geography
Had been center of Roman empire
Architectural remains, statues, coins
Seat of Roman Catholic church
Geography
Location encouraged trade with well-developed markets

11. Italy’s city states Divided into many small city states
Each was controlled by a powerful family and dominated by wealthy, powerful merchant class
Their emphasis on art and personal achievement helped shape the Italian Renaissance
Ex: Medici (MED uh chee) family of Florence

12. Renaissance art flowers
Renaissance art reflected the ideas of humanism
Ren. Artists portrayed religions themes
Donatello
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo
Raphael