1. ANCIENT ROME
MILITARY

2. Clarifying Objectives
6G.1.2. Explain the factors that influenced the movement of people, goods, ideas and the effects of that movement on societies & regions over time (e.g. scarcity of resources, conquests, desire for wealth, diseases & trade)
6H.2.3. Explain how innovation and or technology transformed civilizations, societies & regions over time (e.g. agricultural technology, weaponry, transportation & communication)
6E.1.2. Explain how quality of life is impacted by economic choices of civilizations, societies & regions

3. Essential Questions
What motivated Ancient Rome to move from place to place?
Poor economic choices led regular Roman citizens to have what?
What caused the downfall of Ancient Rome?
How did Roman soldiers building roads TRANSFORM Ancient Rome?

4. The Glorious Roman Military
The Roman Military consisted of 2 parts
The first part was called the Roman Legion
The second part was called the Auxilia
The United States Military is modeled after the Ancient Roman Military

5. Roman Legion
The Roman Legion was a powerful army of the citizens of Rome
You could only be a member of this army if you were a citizen of Rome & not if you were a member of a conquered state
Each individual member of this army was called a Centurion

6. Roman Legion Commander
Most famous Roman Legion Commander
Responsible for expansion of much of the Roman Empire Expansion
Very powerful in Roman Political circles
Key historical figure because he EXPANDED the Roman Empire and brought glory to Rome

7. Expanding Roman Empire
Main goal of every Roman Caesar
Made Rome look vastly powerful the more territory it took over
Eventual DOWNFALL of Rome

8. Stealing Resources
Along with Expanding Roman Empire Roman Legion Centurions job was to GATHER RESOURCES from other lands
These resources were needed to make WEAPONS & PAY FOR ROMAN MILITARY

9. Auxilia Army
The Roman Auxilia Army was for those men who wanted to fight for Rome but they were from a captured state
These men could earn citizenship if they were brave & fought well

10. Protecting Rome
Because the Roman Emperors were so brutal to their enemies, their enemies were constantly trying to attack Rome
The Roman Military had to get to the boarders of the Roman Empire to protect it from getting to the center of Rome

11. Protecting Rome’s Boarders
This was the job of the Roman Legions
The Roman Legions was the premier fighting force of Rome
They protected the boarders from Rome’s many, many, many enemies

12. Roman Military Culture
The Roman Army was much like the United States Marines of today
They operated on the basis of group cohesion (togetherness)
The object was binding together to form effective fighting units rather than individual bravery

13. Roman Military Culture
Troops were directed to always stay in formation despite the chaos around them until they received an order from their commander
They fought together much like the ancient Spartans at Thermopylae

14. Loyalty & Pride
Loyalty was always to the Cesar & the Roman Democratic Republic
Pride was to the Centurions unit they belonged to
Centurions would keep track of how many enemies they killed as a unit

15. Roman Legion Garrisons
The Roman Legions stayed in garrisons which were military barracks until they were called on for battle
At these garrisons they would just hang out and play games until they were called to battle

16. Roman Weapons Each Roman Centurion was equipped with… Cassis (helmet)
Lorica Segmentata (Armor)
Gladius (Sword)
Pilium (Spear)
Scutum (Shield)
Shovel
Red Battle Cloak
Sandals

17. THE MONEY PROBLEM
During the times of expansion of the Roman Empire the military was a source of income $$
They plundered the lands that they conquered taking all wealth for the Democratic Republic of Rome

18. THE MONEY PROBLEM
Towards the end of the Roman Empire however because each member of the Legion earned a salary as a professional soldier the military became very expensive
Up to half of the funds raised were used on the Roman Military
The Roman Republic could not afford to pay the more than 3 million soldiers it had in the military

19. Roman Quality of Life
Citizens of Rome had a poor QUALITY OF LIFE because Rome spent so much money on the military
Because the money was spent on military expanding territory there was no money for the citizens of Rome
Poor ECONOMIC CHOICES led to Poor quality of life
QUALITY OF LIFE WAS BAD

20. Soldiers & Builders Centurions were also great builders
To be part of the Roman Legion you needed to be able to build
Roman Legion Centurions were actually formally trained on how to build certain structures & how to build them quickly

21. Soldiers & Builders
Soldiers built a huge network of roads to connect all the city states of the Roman Empire
They also constructed bridges for military use & siege materials such as chariots

22. Soldiers & Builders
Soldiers built a huge network of roads to connect all the city states of the Roman Empire
They also constructed bridges for military use & siege materials such as chariots

23. Location of the Legions
There were 27 Roman Legions that made up the Roman Army
They were split up to cover the different boarders of the Roman Empire
This was so they could either expand the Roman Empire or fight off rebellions from the enemies of Rome

24. Military Supply Logistics
The Roman Military had a intricate network of supplying their troops so that even though the Empire stretched so far in each direction the Legions always had their food & supplies
The Roman Empire utilized their vast network of roads to get the supplies there every 30 days

25. Downfall of Rome EXPANSION WAS THE DOWNFALL OF ANCIENT ROME
Rome became so large and made so many enemies that they didn’t have enough soldiers to protect it’s vast borders

26. Downfall of Rome
Rome made many, many enemies through expanding their empire through conquest
These enemies eventually would come across unguarded borders to attack Rome

27. Rome is Sacked August 24th 410 A.D. Rome is sacked and destroyed
King Alaric of the Visigoths sacks Rome
Many of the troops were Auxilia Army that had seen Roman Centurions kill their family members and were getting revenge
Rome is destroyed because it got too large and EXPANDED TOO MUCH

28. Important Points
6G.1.2. (Factors that caused movement) Rome’s main goal was to expand the empire. Their factors of movement were CONQUEST, DESIRE OF WEALTH, SCARCITY OF RESOURCES
6G.1.2. (Factors that caused movement) Too much expansion too quickly led to the downfall of Ancient Rome
6E.1.2. (Quality of Life) Rome’s POOR ECONOMIC choices led to a poor QUALITY OF LIFE for Roman citizens
6E.1.2. (Quality of Life) Rome Spent too much MONEY on military & not enough money on their citizens