1. Rise of Islam
TYWL: How do religions influence political power and create cultural unity in European Regions?
I can: understand how Islam diffused culture throughout the world

2. Muhammad Became the Prophet of Islam
Angel Gabriel messenger of God.
Mecca to Medina
630 Muhammad returned to Mecca & rededicated the Kaaba to Allah.
Died in 632.
Teachings of Islam
fasting during Ramadan
Charity
hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca
(jihad or effort in God’s service it may include acts of charity/an inner struggle)
Arabian Peninsula
Monotheistic
5 duties Five Pillars:
Faith
daily prayer
(turning point for Islam.)

3. Islam as a Way of Life Quran
Belief in the same God as the Jews & Christians.
Final & complete revelation from God
Islamic system of law, called Sharia, regulated moral conduct.
Unlike the West, it does not separate religious matters from criminal or civil law.

4. Islam Spreads Spread of Islam: Causes and Effects
How were the Muslims able to conquer so many lands?
People in the Fertile Crescent welcomed Arab conquerors as liberators.
Mostly spread gradually through trade routes
Islam Spreads
Immediate Effects
Centers of learning flourish in Cairo & Córdoba
Long-Term Effects
Est. trade network

6. Movements Within Islam
Muhammad’s death
Abu Bakr Muhammad’s father-in-law first caliph, the area he ruled is known as the Caliphate.
SHIITES
SUNNI
Named after shi’at Ali, followers of Ali
Believed that only descendents, called Imams, of Muhammad could become caliph.
caliph, chosen by leaders of the Muslim community (sunna).
Majority of Muslims today.
Viewed caliph as a leader, not as a religious authority.

7. The Umayyads and the Abbassids
In moved into France, stopped by the Franks at the Battle of Tours.
ruled until 750
Success based on:
Common faith
Allowed other people to practice their religion, but had to pay a special tax.
Prohibited looting
In 711 Muslim forces crossed the Strait of Gibraltar & conquered Spain.
Conquered lands from Atlantic to the Indus Valley
Decline of Umayyads
Relied on local officials to govern the empire
Faced economic tensions between wealthy and poor Arabs

8. Decline of the Muslim Empire
ABBASSIDS
Lasted until 1258
Greatest wealth & power
al-Mansur created the capital of Baghdad
Decline of the Muslim Empire
Around 850, the empire fragmented.
900s, Seljuk Turks invaded By 1055 a Seljuk sultan, or ruler, controlled Baghdad,.
1099 Christian crusaders captured Jerusalem.
1200s and 1300s, Mongol invaders destroyed Bagdad
Overthrew the Umayyads in 750
Had minarets, slender towers of the mosques, built. Each day a muezzin climbed to the top of the minaret and called the faithful to pray.

11. Golden Age of Muslim Civilization

12. Influences on Art and Literature
Muslim Society
Islamic law encouraged the freeing of slaves
The Muslim Economy
(750 and 1360), vast trading network. Camel Caravans “ships of the desert” traveled into W. Africa. Moved along the Silk Road.
Influences on Art and Literature
MUSLIM ART & LITERATURE
Couldn’t portray God/human figures. Poetry: The Rubaiyat collection of poems. Arab tales the book The Thousand and One Nights.
Mosques decorated w/geometric patterns. Arabesque, intricate design of curved lines was used. Also perfected calligraphy.

13. Muslims in India Shah Jahan
The Delhi Sultanate
Invaders entered northern India & organized a sultanate, or land ruled by a sultan.
Intro. Muslim traditions of gov’t to India.
Muslims in India
Akbar the Great
Shah Jahan
Akbar strengthened Mughal India. Accomplished:
religious toleration
Modernized the army
Jahan built the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.

15. The Ottoman and Safavid Empires

16. “Gunpowder Empires” The Ottoman Empire Under Suleiman “Lawgiver.”
Mughals--India, Ottomans & Safavids
Period from about 1450 to 1650: “the age of gunpowder empires.”
The Ottoman Empire Under Suleiman “Lawgiver.”
Government
Absolute power. “Protector of the Sacred Places” (Mecca & Medina).Ruled w/a grand vizier & council.
Christian families in the Balkans sent young sons to the gov’t.
Best soldiers placed in the janissaries, elite force of the Ottoman army.
dominated Middle East & and parts of Eastern Europe.
All 3 owed much success to new military technology, such as cannons and muskets.

17. Abbas the Great Decline of Safavid
The Safavid shah, or king, Abbas the Great revived the glory of ancient Persia:
centralized gov’t
strengthened the economy
tolerated non-Muslims forged alliances w/ European states
Decline of Safavid
Death of Shah Abbas.
Ottoman armies weakened
Shiite scholars challenged the shah’s authority.
Sunni Afghans rebelled.

18. Take Aways
1. The fall of Constantinople will lead to Europe looking for new routes to of trade, around Africa, then across the world
2. It was trade routes that led to the spread of Islam
3. The Ottomans spread Islam and were able to unite most of Islam under one ruler