1. Aim: Explain How China Split into Two Nations

2. The Two Chinas Affect the Cold War
China had split into 2 nations
1) Island of Taiwan, or Nationalist China
2) Mainland, or People’s Republic of China
Existence of 2 China’s intensified the Cold War 2

3. The Superpowers React
After Jiang Jieshi fled to Taiwan, the US helped him set up a Nationalist government on Taiwan
Called the Republic of China
Soviets gave financial, military, & technical aid to Communist China
Chinese & Soviets pledged to come to each other’s defense if either was attacked 3

4. China Expands Under the Communists
Chinese troops expanded into Tibet, India, Inner Mongolia, Northern, Outer Mongolia (bordered Soviet Union)
1950 & 1951: China took control of Tibet
Chinese promised autonomy to Tibetans who followed the Dalai Lama (religious leader)
When China’s control over Tibet tightened, the Dalai Lama fled to India
Result: resentment between India & China grew 4

5. The Cold War In The Skies
August 1957: Soviets announced the development of a rocket that could travel great distances
Oct 4, Soviets used an ICBM to push Sputnik, the first unmanned satellite, above the Earth’s atmosphere
1958: US launched its own satellite
1960: U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) started secret high-altitude spy flights over Soviet territory in planes called U-2’s
U-2 incident heightened Cold War tension 5