1. Chapter 1 Section 2 The Roman Republic and Empire
Week 3

2. Establishing a Republic
Etruscans ruled Italy including Rome in 530 BC

3. Romans drive out Etruscans in 509 BC and become a Republic
Senate:
300 Patricians, landowning upper class
Made laws
Served for life
MOST POWERFUL!!!!

4. Republic Consuls Selected by Senators Supervised Businesses
Commanded Armies
Served 1 Term
Consulted with Senate on major issues

5. Republic
Dictator
Elected during wars
6 month rule
Only when needed!!

6. 16 Days! Model Dictator Cincinnatus: Organized an army
Led Romans to victory over an attacking enemy
Attended victory celebrations
Returned to his farmlands
How long?
16 Days!

7. Common People Demand Equality
Plebians:
Farmers
Merchants
Artisans
Traders
Gained the right to elect their own officials, or Tribunes, to protect their interests
Tribunes could
Veto harmful laws

8. Lasting Legacy Common people gained access to power and won safeguards
US Constitution adapted Roman ideas of senate, veto, and checks on power

9. From Republic to Empire

10. General Hannibal

11. Rome in 133 BC

12. Economic and Social Effect
New class of wealthy landowners made it even more difficult for farmers
Tiberius and his brother wanted reforms for the poor
They killed them and their followers on the street

13. Julius Caesar’s Rise to Power
He was a city-soldier
Won several battles
Senate worried about his political ambition
He forced the senate to make him dictator

14. Caesar as Dictator He pushed through many reforms for the poor
Granted citizenship
Created a program to employ the jobless
He was stabbed to death when he went to see the Senate in 44 BC

15. More on Caesar

16. Caesar’s grand-nephew, Octavian, becomes leader
Senate renames Octavian, Augustus, or Exalted One
Had absolute power
Rules from 31 BC- AD 14
Created efficient civil service to enforce laws
Opened high-level jobs to men based on talent of men not class

17. Pax Romana “Roman Peace”
200 years functioned well under Augustus
Peace, unity, and prosperity in the Empire
Trade flowed from Egypt, India, Africa, and China

18. Roman Law Civil law only applied to Roman Citizens
Needed laws for territories they claimed
Created laws for both citizens and foreign subjects
Based on laws of nature
Created by human ability to reason
Called law of nations
Came from Stoic philosophy

19. Roman Law and US Today Innocent until proven guilty
Accused has the right to face their accuser
Judges relied on to make fair decisions

20. Justinian’s Code Roman Empire Collapsed under German Invaders in 400’s
The East Empire in Rome’s power was the Byzantine Empire
Reached it’s greatest size between
Emperor Justinian
Reformed Roman laws
Followed around the world
Guided international law used today

21. Greco-Roman Civilization
Roman Culture:
Blend of:
Greek
Hellenistic
Roman
Philosophy:
Borrowed from Greeks
Stoicism:
Stressed importance of duty
Showed concern for the well-being of all people

22. Greco-Roman Civilization
After collapse of Western Roman Empire:
Christian Church preserved some ideals
Muslims saved work of Aristotle and translated it into Arabic
Preserved ideals in philosophy, mathematics, and science