1. Warriors Don’t Cry by Melba Pattillo Beals
Book Overview
Mrs. Olson 2017

2. Unit Overview DUE 8/29 - Chapters 1-6 DUE 8/31 - Chapters 7-12
Topics for discussion: Segregation/ Becoming a Warrior
DUE 8/31 - Chapters 7-12
Topics for discussion: Inside Central High/ Desegregation
DUE 9/5 - Chapters 13-19
Topics for discussion: Harassment/ Legacies
DUE 9/13 – In-class Essay
CENTRAL QUESTION:
What can we do alone and with others to confront racism? How can we as individuals and as citizens make a positive difference in our school, community, & nations.

3. The Little Rock Nine
Ernest Green – the oldest, a senior – warm and friendly
Terrance Roberts –a junior, verbal, funny and very intelligent
Jefferson Thomas – quiet, soft-spoken and a good athlete
Elizabeth Eckford – petite, quiet and very private
Thelma Mothershed – had a heart condition
Minnijean Brown – Melba’s best friend (gets expelled)
Carlotta Wells – athletic, “girl next door”
Gloria Ray – delicate and meticulous
Melba Pattillo Beals- author the memoir

4. The Little Rock Nine 1957

5. The Little Rock Nine NOW

6. Family & Friends Grandma India - Melba’s grandmother.
Link -  A white student who befriends Melba
Conrad Patillo -  Melba’s younger brother.
Lois Patillo -  Melba’s mother, also called Mother Lois.
Will Patillo -  Also called “Papa Will.”
Nana Healey -  Link’s nanny from childhood. Nana Healey is black, and Link has a very close relationship with her.
Mrs. Higgenbottom -  Grandma India’s shotgun.
Vince -  Melba’s boyfriend. He and Melba grow distant as a result of her transfer to Central.
Danny -  A white soldier with the 101st Airborne Division Danny is assigned to protect Melba—at one point saving her eyesight from acid that is thrown toward her eyes.

7. Segregationists
Andy -A white Central High student who is especially vicious toward Melba.
Orval Faubus -  Governor of Arkansas in Faubus gives the order to keep the African-American students out of Central High School, and orders armed Arkansas National Guardsmen to prevent Melba and her friends from entering the school.
Huckaby -The vice principal of Central High School. Mrs. Huckaby can’t protect the African-American students, but she does her best to control some of their attackers.
Jess Matthews -  The principal of Central High School in Little Rock.

8. Legal/Political Help
Mrs. C. Daisy Bates - The president of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) in Little Rock.
Bill Clinton -  A governor of Arkansas, later the president of the United States. Governor Clinton treats them with kindness and respect, in stark contrast to former Governor Faubus.
Ronald Davies - A federal judge from Nebraska who orders Governor Faubus of Arkansas to allow integration to continue.
Dwight D. Eisenhower -  The then-president of the United States, Eisenhower proclaims that Governor Faubus is not allowed to defy the federal order to desegregate schools.
J. Edgar Hoover -  The director of the FBI.
Woodrow Mann -  The mayor of Little Rock, who opposes Governor Faubus and supports integration.
Thurgood Marshall -  The lawyer who argues on behalf of Linda Brown in the historic Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas.

9. Melba after Central High
Dr. George & Carol McCabe -  A Quaker family from Santa Rosa, California. The McCabe family takes Melba in after Governor Faubus shuts down the Little Rock public schools for 2 years to protest integration!
1962 Melba attended mostly white San Francisco State University
Earns a BA from SFSU & graduate degree at Columbia University
Later marries a white man, John (7 year marriage)
Together they have a daughter, Kellie

10. Melba Then & Now

11. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
The ruling overturned nearly 60 years of forced segregation in many of the nation’s schools
They declared that “in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.
Justices said the students are “deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment

12. Fourteenth Amendment
Passed in 1866 and ratified in 1868 (3 years after the Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery)
For first time in American history, formerly enslaved African Americans were regarded as citizens of the United States equal to any other citizen
U.S. citizen defined as a person “born or naturalized in the United States”
No state may pass laws that deprive “any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of law”

13. NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Founders were both black and white Americans
Set out to systematically challenge “Jim Crow laws” (racial barriers that segregated black and white Americans from publicly eating, traveling, or sitting side by side)

14. Warriors Don’t Cry