1. Topic 1: Hydro-meteorological hazards

2. Topic 1&2: Knowledge organiser

4. Formation of a tornado Case Studies
Topic 1: Hydro-meteorological hazards
Formation of a tornado
A large thunderstorm occurs in a cumulonimbus cloud
A change in wind direction and wind speed at high altitudes causes the air to swirl horizontally
The funnel grows longer and stretches toward the ground
The funnel of swirling air begins to suck up more warm air from the ground
Rising air from the ground pushes up on the swirling air and tips it over
When the funnel touches the ground it becomes a tornado
cumulonimbus clouds
funnel
debris
Case Studies
Joplin, Missouri hit by EF-5 Tornado on May 22, 2011 GENERAL INFORMATION
EF-5 Tornado initially ½ mile, expanding to ¾ mile wide, traveled on ground approximately 13 miles
Tornado touched down at edge of western city limits, traveled on the ground 6 miles throughout all of City to eastern city limits and continuing into the City of Duquesne and rural Jasper and Newton Counties
Tornado winds estimated at 200 mph + ; NWS indicates it moved as slowly at 10 mph in some places
Storm affected homes and businesses in both Jasper and Newton Counties in Missouri
161 lives lost due to tornado
>$200 billion in damages and repairs so far
The Birmingham tornado 28th July, 2005
The tornado struck at 2.30pm in the Sparkbrook area of the city, also affecting King's Heath, Moseley and Balsall Heath as it carved a kilometre-long path through the city.
Its main effects were felt in Ladypool Road. Ladypool Primary School was extensively damaged and lost its tower. The two churches suffered some damage and one was demolished.
There were wind speeds between 93 and 130 mph F2 on the Fujita scale.
There were no fatalities, although 19 were injured.
The tornado uprooted an estimated 1000 trees, removed the roofs of buildings, picked up and deposited cars and caused other damage during its short existence.
£40 million in damage.

5. Topic 1: Hydro-meteorological hazards
Tropical storms: hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons.
Formation:
74mph wind
Water 60m deep
26.5°c
Measured:
Saffir-Simpson scale: measurements in pressure
wind speeds, storm surge and damage potential to put
hurricanes into 5 categories
Eye: Middle Calm conditions
Eye Wall: Outside rain, wind.
Effects: Strong winds
Damage buildings, bridges, power lines, crops and trees.
Heavy rain fall
Industries such as shipping, transport and tourism mean that millions of people along the coastline are affected.
Storm surges (A storm surge is a rapid rise in sea level caused by low pressure.)
These can cause the most damage, as water levels can reach 5 metres higher than normal
Typhoon Haiyan, Philippines 2013
Causes
Sea temperature 26.5°C
Ocean 60m deep
Wind speeds more than 74mph
Effects
$2.86 billion damage.
6300 people dead and large numbers missing.
$85million farm damage.
77% if farmers & 74% fisherman lost source of income.
Heavy rainfall =flash flooding
130,000 houses destroyed.
Responses
Short-term responses and results:
The Philippines government started issuing warnings that the Haiyan was on its way on 6th November- but no where for them to evacuate to.
UN appealed for £190 million for emergency aid.
Looting and crime.
Long-term responses and results:
April 2014 services had been restored to 560 school s & 30 hospitals.
Cash- for work schemes cleaning debris and managing

6. Topic 2: Tectonic hazards
Why do tectonic plates move?
Magma is heated by the outer and inner core causing it to rise up.
The magma spreads out causing the tectonic plate to move.
The magma is then cooled and sinks. The process of a convection current repeats itself again.
Haiti earthquake 2010
Causes
Earthquake happened in 2010 with a magnitude of 7.0 on the Richter scale
Conservative plate boundary where the Caribbean and North American plates moved past each other.
Epicentre was 25km from the capital city, Port-Au-Prince.
Effects
230,000 deaths
1.5 million homeless
£10 billion worth of damage
Damaged water supplies caused cholera to spread.
Millions of people in the capital Port-Au-Prince were without food and water
Homeless lived on the streets for months after
Responses
USA sent 10,000 troops
UK sent 230 rescue teams.
Oxfam and other charities distributed food and basic supplies.
‘Cash for work schemes set up’ where local people were paid to move the rubble.
TEA :
Distribution of volcanoes:
clusters/chains of volcanoes near island chains occur on
convergent plate boundaries (1) caused by oceanic crust being
subducted under continental crust (1)
some of the mid-ocean volcanic activity may be due to hotspots
(1) which are caused by mantle plumes where the oceanic crust
is very thin (1).
Knowledge organiser- to print

7. Name: Knowledge organiser low Label on the map below Japan
Task:
Label the on the map below the oceans of the world
Label on the map below Philippines
Label on the map below Japan
Name:
Knowledge organiser
Label the eye and eye wall
Names given to tropical storms?
Conditions needed for a tropical storm to form? 1) 2) 3)
Explain two problems faced by people after a hurricane Develop your ideas (4marks).
One problem is…_
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________another problem is..
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Describe the distribution of tropical storms (3marks)
Trend;________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Evidence: (what can you see from the map to support this trend?)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Anomolie (is there anything which doesn’t fit the trend?)
_______________________________________________________________
low

8. low Typhoon Haiyan Philippines 2013 Causes:
Effects: ( (what happened after the earthquake?
Responses: (How did people help?)
low

9. Name: Knowledge organiser high Label on the map below Japan
Task:
Label on the map below the continents of the world
Label the on the map below the oceans of the world
Label on the map below Philippines
Label on the map below Japan
Name:
Knowledge organiser
Label the eye and eye wall
Names given to tropical storms?
Conditions needed for a tropical storm to form?
Explain two problems faced by people after a hurricane Develop your ideas (4marks).
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Describe the distribution of tropical storms (3marks)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
high

10. high Typhoon Haiyan Philippines 2013 Causes:
Effects: (can you divide into social/ economic/ environmental)
Primary
Secondary:
Responses: (short term/long term)
high

11. Topic 2: Tectonic hazards

12. Name: Knowledge organiser low Define the following key terms:
Type of plate boundary
Type of crust
Tectonic hazard
Direction the plates move in
Convergent
Conservative
Name:
Knowledge organiser
Define the following key terms:
Friction
Magma
Seismic waves
Focus
Epicentre
Convection currents
Why do tectonic plates move?
Explain how movements of plates can cause an earthquake at a conservative plate boundary(4marks).
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Explain two problems faced by people after an earthquake. Develop your ideas (4marks).
low

13. Haiti Earthquake 2010
Causes:
Effects:
Responses:
low

14. Distribution of tectonic hazards?
Type of plate boundary
Type of crust
Tectonic hazard
Direction the plates move in
Divergent
Convergent
Conservative
Name:
Knowledge organiser
Why do tectonic plates move?
Explain how movements of plates can cause an earthquake at a conservative plate boundary(4marks).
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Explain two problems faced by people after an earthquake. Develop your ideas (4marks).
Distribution of tectonic hazards?
high

15. high Haiti Earthquake 2010 Causes:
Effects: (can you divide into social/ economic/ environmental)
Primary
Secondary:
Responses: (short term/long term)
high