1. Introduction I. History of Life A. Background Thoughts
Major Contributors
Contributions & Controversies
1. Aristotle, 300BC
Scalae Naturae = fixed state
2. Theology
Creationism
3. Linnaeus, 1700’s
Taxonomy
4. Buffon, 1700’s
Multiple creation sites & times
5. Hutton, 1700’s
Earth older than 6,000yrs
6. Malthus, 1700’s
Resources limits populations
7. Cuvier, 1800’s
Catastrophism
8. Lyell, 1800’s
Uniformitarianism

2. B. Idea Evolution Contributor Contribution 1. Anaxamander, 300BC
Striving for Complexity
2. Lamarck, 1800’s
Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
3. Mendel, 1860’s
Genetics and Inheritance
Natural Selection and Descent with Modification
4. Darwin, 1860’s

3. II. What is Life? A. Living from Non-living 1. Characteristics of Life
a. Highly Organized
Figure 1.4

4. b. Transform Energy
Figure 1.9

5. c. Reproduce

6. d. Grow and Develop

7. e. Irritable & Adaptable

8. f. Practice Homeostasis

9. i. Mechanisms
Negative vs.
Positive
Figure 1.11

10. B. Studying Life 1. Scientific Method a. Reasoning b. Process
Experimental variables:
i. Independent =
ii. Dependent =
iii. Control =
Figure 1.22

11. Theory
Law
Figure 1.22

12. C. Classifying Life (Taxonomy)
1. Categories
D, K, P, C, O, F, G, & S
Kingdom Monera
Kingdom Protista
Figure 1.13
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi

13. Kingdom Animalia
Figure 1.13

14. III. Characteristics of Animals
A. Shared Characteristics
Multi-celled heterotrophs
Contractile Proteins
Special Tissues
Stages of Development
Motile
Fixed Adult Size

15. IV. Evidence of Selection
A. Fossil Record
The fossil record is based on what two key points of data to age identify them?
1. Strata Positioning
Magnetic Reversal
2. Half-Life Dating
&
Racemization

16. B. Comparative Anatomy
1. Analogous structures =
Figure 22.18

17. 2. Homologous Structures =
Figure 22.15
3. Vestigial Structures =

18. C. Comparative Embryology
Similarities in developmental patterns in animals
Figure 32.9
Figure 32.10

19. D. Molecular Homology E. Current Evidence 1. Artificial Selection
Homologies between species (yeast, wheat, & primate) in the sequential amino acid make-up of cytochrome C3.
E. Current Evidence
1. Artificial Selection