1. Scientific Method

3. Scientific Method Essential Question:
How is the Scientific Method used to formulate and answer questions in a logical and systematic way?

4. 5 Steps in the Scientific Method
Observations
Hypothesis
Test hypothesis/Experiment
Collect & Analyzing data
Evaluate results

5. 1) Observations AKA question or problem. Ex. Can plants grow in acid?
Used to create a hypothesis.

6. 2) Hypothesis Must be testable A suggested solution to the problem.
Format – If … Then … Because … statements
EX: If a plant is placed in acid then it will not grow because acid is deadly to plants.

7. 3) Test Hypothesis AKA Experiment
A VALID experiment will have 2 variables

8. Variables
Independent Variable – manipulated variable, the part of the experiment that is changed on purpose.
EX: Acid ~ some plants are given acid, and some are not

9. Variables
Dependent Variable – responding variable
EX: Plant growth

10. Variables Continued… Constant - Variables that are kept the same.
EX: Same plant, same amount of water & sunlight

11. Variables Continued…
Control Group - Group NOT tested with the independent variable
used as a comparison
EX: Plants NOT given acid, used to compare the experimental group against

12. 4) Collect & Analyzing Data
Qualitative data– Data you observe
Quantitative data – numbers; data you can count or measure

13. What type of data will be collected in our plant experiment??
Qualitative!!!
Grown with acid
Grown without acid

14. Scientific Method Practice
Candy Connection

15. Graphing Data
Three type of graphs to represent data

16. Line Graph
shows change over time, shows patterns over time

17. Bar Graph
shows comparisons of discrete data

18. Pie Chart
shows parts of a whole

19. Think-Pair-Share…determine which type of graph would best represent the data

20. Check yourself : ) Pie Chart: shows parts of a whole Line Graph: shows
changes over time
Bar Graph: easily
compare trials

21. Analyzing data depends on GraphingM I X
ependent
esponds
-axis
anipulate
ndependent
Choosing the best type of graph for the data
Choosing a useful scale for the graph
Labeling the graph

22. 5) Evaluate Results
Make Conclusions and answer the hypothesis based on the data
Lantanas grown in acid do not grow.

23. The Simpsons Scientific Method Mix-Up

24. Scientific Theories & Laws

25. A theory can include MANY hypotheses
Theories can be modified or disproven with new evidence
Laws are FACT!!!
Laws are usually a mathematical statement

26. Which is which?? Identify the following statements as theory or law.
The universe began almost 14 billion years ago with a massive expansion event, known as the big bang.
Newton established a connection between an object's mass (m) and its acceleration (a), in the form of the equation F = m × a. 
According to most scientists, all life on Earth has a common ancestor. The diversity of life is caused by evolution.

27. The universe began almost 14 billion years ago. the big bang. THEORY
The universe began almost 14 billion years ago.. the big bang. THEORY. Although there is a LOT of evidence to support this theory, scientists cannot go back in time to prove this.
Newton… F = m × a. LAW. This mathematical equation has been tested over and over again and is PROVEN TRUE!!
According to most scientists..evolution.
THEORY. There is OVERWHEMING evidence for this theory and encompasses MANY hypotheses.

28. Scientific Method in action: Redi’s Experiment and Spontaneous Generation
Spontaneous generation is the hypothesis that nonliving things are capable of producing life. 
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