1. Warm Up #1
1. Read Perspective in Paintings on page 419, and study the diagram and painting. What optical illusion does the artist Raphael create in his painting?
2. Why does the use of perspective make the painting seem realistic?

2. Warm up
Explain why Leonardo Da Vinci was important part in the Renaissance movement. Refer to page 421
Discuss the importance of the advancements made by Raphael.

4. European Renaissance and Reformation

5. Question
Being great at one subject is better than being above average in many.
A. Agree
B. Disagree

6. Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance
Renaissance—Rebirth of art and learning
explosion of creativity in Europe
Started in Italy and spread north later
North lagged due to the Hundred Years’ War
Italy’s Advantages—thriving cities, a wealth merchant class, classical heritage of Greece and Rome

7. Urban Centers
Crusades spurred overseas trade led to large city states in Italy.
Italy=Urban and Europe=Rural
Bubonic plague destroyed 60% of pop in cities.
Economic change—Laborers low demand higher wages.
Decrease in population=fewer opportunities to expand resulted in exploration of art and other ideas.

8. Merchants
Milan, Florence, and other Italian city-states ran their own affairs (military, trade, taxes)
Merchants wealthiest and powerful, did not inherit class as nobles, dominated politics
Most believed owed power due to success and their own merit.

9. Medici
In 1434, Cosimo de’ Medici and his family came to control Florence using their wealth and personal influence. Cosimo’s grandson Lorenzo de’ Medici later ruled the city.
Powerful monarchial states in Europe were attracted to the wealth of the Italian city-states, and in 1494 Charles VIII of France occupied Naples in southern Italy.

10. Classical A key intellectual movement of the Renaissance was humanism.
Humanists studied grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history.
Petrarch believed that intellectuals had a duty to live an active civic life and put their study of the humanities to the state’s service.
The humanist emphasis on classical Latin led to an increase in the writings of scholars, lawyers, and theologians.
Popularized the study of subjects common to classical education, such as history, literature, and philosophy. (Humanities)

11. Worldly Pleasures
The Renaissance witnessed the rise of a secular viewpoint of wealth and material items.
Humanists suggested enjoy life without offending god.
Enjoyed material luxuries, fine music, lavish banquets, and liven and mansions.

12. The Renaissance Man
A man excelled in many fields was praised as “Renaissance Man”
All educated were expected to create art.
Baldassare Castglione wrote The Courtier which taught how to become
Man—charming, witty, and well educated in the classics, dance, sing, play music, and write poetry.

13. Women
The Courtier—upper-class women should know classics and charming.
Inspire but not create

14. Machiavelli on Power
Niccolò Machiavelli wrote a book that influenced political thought in Italy and eventually all of Europe.
In his influential work, The Prince, Machiavelli wrote about how to acquire and hold political power. He stated that a ruler must put the state first and not focus on moral principles.
Machiavelli’s rejection of popular Christian values would have a profound influence on the political leaders who followed.