1. Western Europe 1200-1500 Architecture & Renaissance
Chapter 14

2. Gothic Cathedral Architectural Style
Began in France in the 12c.
Pointed arches replaced rounded Roman arches.
Flying buttresses.
Stained glass windows.
Elaborate, ornate interior.
Taller, more airy  lots of light.
Lavish sculpture  larger-than-life.

3. The Gothic Cathedral

4. Gothic Floor Plans

5. Canterbury Cathedral, England

6. Interior of a Gothic Cathedral

7. Interior of a Gothic Cathedral

8. St. Etienne, Bourges, late 12c
“Flying” Buttresses

9. Flying Buttress

10. Gothic “Filigree” Closeups

11. Cathedral Gargoyles

12. Stained Glass Windows For the glory of God.
For religious instructions.

13. Notre Dame Cathedral

14. Rose Window Chartres Cathedral, Paris
The good, of course, is always beautiful, and the beautiful never lacks proportion Plato

15. The Renaissance Began mid-fourteenth century
Began Northern Italy and spread to northern Europe
Triggered by:
After Southern Italy free of all foreign influence, Greek & Arabic manuscripts found & translated into Latin
Works by Plato & Aristotle
Works by Muslims
Treatises on medicine, math, & geography

16. Focus on Learning Establishment of independent colleges & universities
Modeled after Muslim madrasas
– 60 universities
Courses taught in Latin
Bologna – law
Montpellier & Salerno – medicine
Paris & Oxford - theology

18. Importance of Theology
Seen as the central discipline
Scholasticism – synthesize reason & faith
Summa Theologica – Thomas Aquinas – intertwined Christian beliefs with Aristotelian principles

19. Literature Most used Greco-Roman themes and mythology
Many wrote in vernacular languages instead of Latin
Dante – Divine Comedy
Dante’s trip through 9 circles of hell, purgatory, and paradise
Chaucer – Canterbury Tales
Pilgrims on their way to Canterbury

20. Humanists
Interest in humanities, classical disciplines of grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, & ethics
Reformed secondary education curriculum which still dominates Europe and the Americas today
Their influence was wide because of new printing technology
Printing press (1450) – movable type that pressed inked type onto sheets of paper

21. Renaissance and the Church
Pope Nicholas V created the Vatican Library
Purchased Greco-Roman scrolls
Dutch scholar Erasmus – retranslated the New Testament correcting errors & mistranslations in the Latin text
Gutenberg – Gutenberg Bible (1454) was first book in the West printed
Growing number of literate population

22. Art Patronage Italians willing to spend money on art
Art in Florence supported by the guilds
Consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social and political status

23. Art Focus Biblical subjects Greco-Roman deities Mythical tales
Scenes of daily life
Flemish painter Jan van Eyck introduced oil painting
Characteristics
Realism & expression
Individualism
Geometrical arrangement of figures
Light and shadowing

24. Leonardo da Vinci
Vitruvian Man
1492

25. Self-Portrait -- da Vinci, 1512
Artist
Sculptor
Architect
Scientist
Engineer
Inventor

26. The Virgin of the Rocks

27. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498

28. David
Michelangelo Bonarotti
1504
Marble

29. The Sistine Chapel Michelangelo 1508 - 1512

30. The Sistine Chapel Details

31. St. Peter’s Basilica