1. Interactions between organisms and their environment
ECOLOGY
Interactions between organisms and their environment

2. Populations Size, Density, Dispersion = factors
Growth: Limited by resources and other factors
Exponential or Logistic
K and r Specialists:
Two methods of species growth

3. Ecosystem Structure Abiotic vs. Biotic Factors:
Fungi, bacteria, animals, plants…
Weather, water, pH, temp, soil, air
Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, Earth (small to largest!)
Habitat vs. Niche

4. Food Chain vs. Food Web Feeding level = trophic level Producer
Consumer
Detritivores
Symbiosis:
Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism

5. Food Web

6. Relationships in Ecosystems
Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Primary Producer (autotrophs)
Primary Consumer (heterotrophs)
(herbivore)
Secondary/Tertiary/Quaternary Consumer
(carnivores, omnivores, scavengers)
Detritivore aka. Decomposer – in their own category!

7. Ecological Pyramids
These displays relationships between food web or food chain levels
10% RULE - Each level contains only 10% of energy, mass, or population numbers from the level below
For Ex. 1,000 grass plants
# of Grasshoppers?
# of Frogs?
# of Birds?

8. Biogeochemical Cycles
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur = CHNOPS!
Focus: Water (H20), Carbon/Oxygen and Nitrogen Cycles
Main Idea:
Abiotic/Biotic factors NEED these elements, so they must be MOVED AND EXCHANGED over time throughout ecosystems

11. Cell Respiration
Photosynthesis
Where does it happen?
Bacteria – cytoplasm plant/animals - mitochondria
Bacteria – cytoplasm
Plant - chloroplasts
What is the process?
See picture on other slide for formula
In which cell types?
Eukaryotic/prokaryotic cells, Plant and animal cells. All organisms!
Eukaryotic/prokaryotic cells
Plant cells!
Why does it happen?
To provide an easily useable form of energy for the cell (ATP)
To provide energy in the form of glucose for the cell to use
How does it happen?
Glucose is broken down in the presence of O2 to release ATP, H2O and CO2
Sunlight energy is captured to convert CO2 and H2O into glucose and O2

14. Leaf – Cross Section Diagram