1. Ecosystems

2. Individual Population Community Ecosystem

3. Individual
A single organism

4. Population
Several individuals of the same kind in the same environment **Population density is the number of animals in an area.

5. All of the populations in a certain environment
Community
All of the populations in a certain environment

6. A community and its environment
Ecosystem
A community and its environment

7. The place where a population lives.
Habitat
The place where a population lives.

8. Niche
A population’s role in its habitat. Ex) Eagles and owls both hunt mice. Eagles hunt during the day, and owls hunt at night. They have similar roles, but different niches.

9. Ecosystems
Healthy ecosystems have different populations that are interdependent on one another.
Different ecosystems thrive in different environments, depending on:
Soil, temperature, and rainfall
The types of plants in an area
The amount of food available

10. Energy in Food
Producers Plants produce their own food from the sun through photosynthesis.

11. Organisms that consume another organism for food.
Energy in Food
Consumers
Organisms that consume another organism for food.
Herbivores eat plants
Carnivores eat animals
Omnivores eat both

14. Energy in Food
Decomposers A type of consumer that breaks down the tissues of dead organisms. Ex) Mushrooms and bacteria

15. How consumers are connected to one another in an ecosystem.
Food Chain
How consumers are connected to one another in an ecosystem.

16. The mouse is the second level consumer.
The insect in this food chain is a first level consumer. Herbivores are always the first level consumer.
The mouse is the second level consumer.
The owl is the third level consumer.

17. Relationship between different food chains in one ecosystem.
Food Web
Relationship between different food chains in one ecosystem.

18. Energy Pyramids
Energy is lost as it moves further from the producer. For this reason, the top animals (third consumers) have smaller populations than the bottom producers.

19. Insects Owl 3rd level consumer Mouse Grass (Plants) 2nd level consumer
The grass uses most of its energy from the sun for its own food, so it only passes on 10% of its energy to the insects. The insects also only pass on 10% of its energy to the mouse. The mouse only passes on 10% of its energy to the owl.
By the time the owl gets to eat,
most of the energy from the
sun has been used by the
lower level consumers.
Owl 3rd level consumer
Mouse
2nd level consumer
Insects
1st level consumer
Grass (Plants)
Producers

20. Competition

21. Competition for Limited Resources
Many ecosystems have limited resources, so animals have to compete with each other:
Food
Shelter
Water

22. A predator is an animal that hunts other animals.
The prey is the animal that is being hunted.
Both use camouflage, or patterns of color, to help them.
How can both use this?

23. Adaptations Plants and animals make adaptations to help them survive:
Cheetah’s are fast to hunt and capture prey
Hyenas hunt prey in packs to chase away other predators
Other Examples

24. Sharing Resources
The same type of tree, plant, or animal can feed multiple animals.

25. Symbiosis
A long-term relationship between different kinds of organisms.
Can benefit both organisms (mutualism), or just one of them.
Cleaner fish and sharks
Flowers and bees
Sea anemones and clown fish
Clip

26. Instinct vs. Learned Behavior
An instinct is a behavior that is inherited.
A learned behavior is a behavior that must be taught.
Lions
Summary