1. As I Enter 1.27.2015 Think about/Write out Agenda Homework:
A major North American city not on a river or with access to an ocean. Where the clothing you are wearing is made? (check!) WHY?!
Agenda
Seating Chart/ Finals Recap/ Agricultural Videos
Pass out “The Grand Review”
PowerPoint on Industry
Industry Intro Activity
Homework:
Vocab (prepare for quiz)
KIs

2. The Industrial Revolution

3. What is Industry? “The manufacturing of goods in a factory.”
Slater Mill, founded in 1793 by Samuel Slater, is now used as a museum dedicated to textile manufacturing.

4. Industrial Diffusion
How do industrial regionalization, uneven development, and core-periphery patterns come to exist?
Seriously…how does it happen?
Not kidding…someone answer me!

5. The Industrial Revolution
Pre-Industrialization: what did the Revolution change?
People had made goods for thousands of years before IR
things made slowly (low productivity), all by hand
workmen handled all facets of production > different quality goods
guilds created production standards, but prices were high

6. The Industrial Revolution
Pre-Industrialization: what did the Revolution change?
Spatial distribution
work done at home (cottage industry)
goods sold locally
workers paid by the “piece”
industry was dispersed in all locales

7. The Industrial Revolution (Cont)
Why did it begin in the Great Britain?
Capitalist*** system
guilds had created a middle class of workmen
people free to form businesses
education (see it is important!)
patent system encouraged development
labor:
Jethro Tull’s seed drill (1701) and other developments > improved productivity in farming > people can leave farms and work elsewhere
Without the bourgeoise and the proletariat the IR would never have happened.

8. The Industrial Revolution (cont)
Why did it begin in the Great Britain? (CONT)
raw materials (iron ore, coal)
rivers, canals, harbors (ease in trade)
small, compact size (iron and coal near rivers and harbors)
existing banking system (borrow $ to buy machinery)
stable political system
colonies (guaranteed markets, additional raw materials)

9. The Industrial Revolution (cont)
Key developments
James Watt patents the steam engine (1769)
wood replaces running water as source of energy
changes location of machinery
was located by running water (streams, rivers)
now can be located wherever wood exists (more flexibility)

10. The Industrial Revolution (cont)
Key developments (cont)
steam engine adapts to iron industry (iron deposits in Midlands, So. Scotland, So. Wales)
steam engine provides steady supply of hot air for blast furnace (keep it hot with little effort)
ease in (s)melting iron and shaping it into “pig iron” [common size]

11. The Industrial Revolution (cont)
Key developments (cont)
steam engine adapts to textile industry
cotton fiber spun into thread (inefficient by hand; efficient by machine)
thread woven into cloth with power looms in large factories

12. The Industrial Revolution (cont)
Key developments (cont)
Steam engine adapts to iron industry (iron deposits in Midlands, So. Scotland, So. Wales) (cont)
other industries arise from iron industry
wood becomes scarce > coal > coke (factories move to coal fields)
> integrated factories where iron is smelted and processed into steel
need to transport coal and iron > railroad

13. The Industrial Revolution (cont)
Effects
economic: more goods at lower prices
social: available labor leaves farms and clusters in cities
urban blight, pollution
canned food (encourages new industry)
political: surplus labor > mistreated workers > liberalism and communism

14. The Industrial Revolution (cont)
Effects
technological: > railroad, steamship
agricultural: > 2d Agricultural Revolution
increased productivity
use of machinery > larger farms (COMMERCIAL!)
***demographic: caused move from Stage 1 to Stage 2 of DTM

15. The Industrial Revolution (cont)
Early Diffusion
eastward to Belgium, France, and Germany (early 1800s; delay due to Napoleonic Wars)
further diffusion to Italy, Netherlands, Russia and Sweden by late 1800s
U.S. not affected by political instability in Europe: diffusion by early 1800s
8,000 spindles of textiles in 1808 > 80,000 spindles by 1811-WOW!
by Civil War, U.S. was world’s 2d largest industrial power (SIDE BAR: Where was the industry in the US located? Who wins the war?)

17. Industrial Location Where are primary activities located?
You know this…just think
You go where the soil is good, where there is fish, where there is gold…
Where would industrial activities be located?
The answer isn’t “anywhere” think about it…
Think water for transportation, think von thunen…a little bit – transportation costs

18. Situation factors Inputs Outputs
Heavy, bulky, fragile – locate near the inputs
Known as Bulk-reducing
EX. Copper, steel, canned tomatoes
Outputs
Heavy, bulky, fragile – locate near market
Bulk-gaining
Beer, glass, concrete

19. Transportation Factors
Methods
Ship (ocean, lake, river)
Very Low cost, very slow, long-distance, non-perishables
Rail
Low cost, slow speed, long/med. Distance
Trucking
High cost, mod to high speed, any dist., very flexible
Air
Very high cost, very high speed, med/long dist.
Pipeline
Very low cost, LIQUIDS!

20. Break of Bulk points
Place where you transfer goods from one type of transportation to another.
Takes time, costs money.

21. Site factors Physical characteristics of a place.
Different industries have different needs.
Availability and cost of:
Land (lg areas – Airplane manufacturing)
Power (lots of electricity or fuel – Aluminum)
Labor (unskilled – electronics, skilled – research/dev)
Capital (Money, money, money…money!)
Footloose Industries –
Can locate anywhere (Diamonds, computer chips - YUMM)

22. Activity! Break into groups of 2-3
Match the main export with the list of countries
HINT: Focus on one or two countries at a time…
HINT: You should have a pretty good idea of what comes from where!
How’d we do?!

23. Answers H. Coffee M. Copper Diamonds E. Electronics
N. Fish and Fish Products
O. Gold
C. Machinery
G. Metals and Minerals (no copper)
Motor Vehicles
D. Oil/Petroleum J. Sugar B. Tea F. Textiles/Apparel L. Wood

32. STOP!

33. Industrial Regions
How can the theme of culture regions be applied to industrial activity?

34. Types of industrial activity
Primary = extracting resources. Ex.?
Secondary = processing stage. Ex?
Tertiary = services
Transportation/Communication
Producer Services
Consumer Services
Each type of industrial activity displays unique spatial patterns, or “industrial regions.”

35. Primary Industry Extract resources
Renewable can be used without being permanently depleted. Risk of overexploitation
Nonrenewable are depleted when used.

36. Secondary Industry A.K.A. “manufacturing”
Traditionally clustered together in several regions
Each region is specialized because each activity has certain requirements; locations are chosen based on how advantageous they are. Ex.?
Regional specialization  core-periphery dynamic (UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT)

37. Secondary Industry (cont)
Global trends since 1950’s
Secondary industry declining in core countries
Factories closing down; people out of work
Core countries retain industries that require highly skilled or artisanal work. Ex. technopoles
Service industry boom
This is called deindustrialization
Core countries entering post-industrial phase
Periphery countries becoming industrialized
Transnational corporations manage a complex business system with multiple specialized locations.  Effect of globalization.

39. Service Industries U.S., Canada, Europe and Japan = postindustrial
Transportation/communication services
Services that facilitate the distribution of goods, services and information to meet the requirements of modern industry.
Regional differences in the relative importance of various modes of transportation. EX Russia = rails; US=highway
Ex.?

40. Service Industries (cont)
Producer services
Required by those who produce goods; necessary for business growth and development
Generally located in the core
Require more educated labor force
Ex.?
Leads to more uneven development; industrialization of LDCs makes them more dependent upon industrial powers.
Information technology – growing field
Requires skilled, creative labor force, and little land
High-tech corridors developing. Ex. “Silicon Valley”

41. Service Industries (cont)
Consumer Services
Services aimed at keeping people healthy, educated, safe and happy.
Ex.?

42. The End