1. PENGENALAN EKONOMETRIKA
RESUME FROM HILL, GRIFFITHS, AND LIM
Principles of Econometrics (2011)
PENGENALAN EKONOMETRIKA
Al Muizzuddin Fazaalloh, SE., ME.
Universitas Brawijaya

2. Why Study Econometrics?
Econometrics is fundamental for economic measurement
Econometrics plays a special role in the training of economists
Most economists, whether they work in the business world or for the government, or teach in universities, engage in economic analysis that is in part ‘‘empirical.’’ By this we mean that they use economic data to estimate economic relationships, test economic hypotheses, and predict economic outcomes.
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3. Next
‘‘I can estimate the effect on your sales if your competition lowers its price by $1 per unit.’’ ‘‘I can test whether your new ad campaign is actually increasing your sales.’’
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4. What Is Econometrics About?
In economics we express our ideas about relationships between economic variables using the mathematical concept of a function. For example, to express a relationship between income and consumption, we may write
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5. Next
The demand for an individual commodity—say, the Honda Accord—might be expressed as
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6. Next
Each of the above equations is a general economic model that describes how we visualize the way in which economic variables are interrelated. Economic models of this type guide our economic analysis.
For most economic decision or choice problems, it is not enough to know that certain economic variables are interrelated, or even the direction of the relationship. In addition, we must understand the magnitudes involved. That is, we must be able to say how much a change in one variable affects another.
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7. SOME EXAMPLES DISKUSI KELOMPOK BACA HALAMAN 3 WAKTU 15 MENIT
Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan parameter?
Bagaimana untuk kasus di Indonesia, berikan contoh!
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8. The Econometric Model
What is an econometric model, and where does it come from?
In an econometric model we must first realize that economic relations are not exact.
Economic theory does not claim to be able to predict the specific behavior of any individual or firm, but rather describes the average or systematic behavior of many individuals or firms.
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9. Next When studying car sales we
recognize that the actual number of Hondas sold is the sum of this systematic part and a
random and unpredictable component e that we will call a random error.
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10. Next Econometric model representing the sales of Honda Accords is
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11. Next
The coefficients b1; b2; ; b5 are unknown parameters of the model that we estimate using econometric technique.
In every econometric model, whether it is a demand equation, a supply equation, or a production function, there is a systematic portion and an unobservable random component.
The random component represents a ‘‘noise’’ component, which obscures our understanding of the relationship among variables, and which we represent using the random variable e.
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12. Next We use the econometric model as a basis for statistical inference
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13. Economic Data Types
Data may be collected at various levels of aggregation
micro—data collected on individual economic decision-making units such as individuals, households, and firms.
macro—data resulting from a pooling or aggregating over individuals, households, or firms at the local, state, or national levels.
Data may be quantitative or qualitative
quantitative—outcomes such as prices or income that may be expressed as numbers or some transformation of them, such as real prices or per capita income.
qualitative—outcomes that are of an ‘‘either-or’’ situation. For example, a consumer either did or did not make a purchase of a particular good, or a person either is or is not married.
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14. Next
Time Series Data
Cross Section Data
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