1. Light and Sound In this unit: Properties of light Reflection Colors
Refraction
Properties of sound
Hearing
PPT adapted from:

3. AIM – Properties of Light
WRITE NOW: How does light travel?
Laser

4. Light travels VERY FAST – around 300,000 kilometres per second.
At this speed it can go around the world 8 times in one second.

5. Light travels much faster than sound. For example:
Thunder and lightning start at the same time, but we will see the lightning first.
2) When a starting pistol is fired we see the smoke first and then hear the bang.

6. We see things because they reflect light into our eyes:
Homework

7. Luminous and non-luminous objects
A luminous object is one that produces light.
A non-luminous object is one that reflects light.
Luminous objects
Reflectors

8. Shadows
Shadows are places where light is “blocked”:
Rays of light

9. Properties of Light summary
Light travels in straight lines
Light travels much faster than sound
We see things because they reflect light into our eyes
Shadows are formed when light is blocked by an object

10. Reflection Reflection from a mirror: Mirror Normal Angle of incidence
Incident ray
Reflected ray
Angle of incidence
Angle of reflection
Mirror

11. Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
The Law of Reflection
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
In other words, light gets reflected from a surface at ____ _____ angle it hits it.
The same !!!

12. Clear vs. Diffuse Reflection
Smooth, shiny surfaces have a clear reflection:
Rough, dull surfaces have a diffuse reflection.
Diffuse reflection is when light is scattered in different directions

13. Using mirrors
Two examples:
2) A car headlight
1) A periscope

14. Colour
White light is not a single colour; it is made up of a mixture of the seven colours of the rainbow.
We can demonstrate this by splitting white light with a prism:
This is how rainbows are formed: sunlight is “split up” by raindrops.

15. The colours of the rainbow:
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet

16. Adding colours
White light can be split up to make separate colours. These colours can be added together again.
The primary colours of light are red, blue and green:
Adding blue and red makes magenta (purple)
Adding blue and green makes cyan (light blue)
Adding red and green makes yellow
Adding all three makes white again

17. Only red light is reflected
Seeing colour
The colour an object appears depends on the colours of light it reflects.
For example, a red book only reflects red light:
Homework
White
light
Only red light is reflected

18. A white hat would reflect all seven colours:
A pair of purple trousers would reflect purple light (and red and blue, as purple is made up of red and blue):
Purple light
A white hat would reflect all seven colours:
White
light

19. Using coloured light
If we look at a coloured object in coloured light we see something different. For example, consider a football kit:
Shirt looks red
White
light
Shorts look blue

20. In different colours of light this kit would look different:
Red
light
Shirt looks red
Shorts look black
Shirt looks black
Blue
light
Shorts look blue

21. Some further examples:
Object
Colour of light
Colour object seems to be
Red socks
Red
Blue
Black
Green
Blue teddy
Green camel
Magenta book
Homework

22. Using filters Red Filter
Filters can be used to “block” out different colours of light:
Red Filter
Magenta Filter

23. Investigating filters
Colour of filter
Colours that could be “seen”
Red
Green
Blue
Cyan
Magenta
Yellow

24. Red
Blue
Green
White
Yellow
Cyan
Magenta

25. AIM: What is refraction?
WRITE NOW: Why did the pencil look ‘broken’ in the glass of water?

26. Words – speed up, water, air, bent
Refraction
Refraction is when waves ____ __ or slow down due to travelling in a different _________. A medium is something that waves will travel through. When a pen is placed in water it looks like this:
In this case the light rays are slowed down by the water and are _____, causing the pen to look odd. The two mediums in this example are ______ and _______.
Words – speed up, water, air, bent

27. Refraction Lab

31. AIM: How is light refracted through different shaped lenses?
WRITE NOW: What is the difference between divergent and convergent?

32. Convex Mirrors

33. Convex Mirrors -Always right-side up and smaller than the object.
-The image appears ‘behind’ the mirror.

34. Concave Mirrors

35. Concave Mirrors
Parallel light ways are reflected through the same point in front of the object. This is called the focal point.

36. Concave Mirrors
If the object is IN FRONT of the focal point, it appears right-side up and larger. If the object is BEHIND the focal point, it appears upside down and larger or smaller, depending on the angle of reflection.

37. Lenses
A transparent material that either has one flat side and one curved side, or has two curved sides.

38. Concave (Diverging) Lens
Use the ray box and the concave lens to investigate the behavior of light as it passes through the lens.

39. Concave (Diverging) Lenses
Rays are bent outwards towards the ends of the lens.

40. Convex (Converging) Lenses
Use the ray box and the concave lens to investigate the behavior of light as it passes through the lens.

41. Convex (Converging) Lenses
Light rays bend towards the middle of the lens. The point at which these rays meet is the focal point.

42. Normal Vision

43. Far-Sighted Vision

44. Far-Sighted Vision

45. Near-Sighted Vision

46. Near-Sighted Vision

47. Words – slowly, low, high, quickly
Sound – The basics
We hear things when they vibrate.
If something vibrates with a high frequency (vibrates very ______) we say it has a _____ pitch.
If something vibrates with a low frequency (vibrates ______) we say it has a ____ pitch.
The lowest frequency I could hear was…
Words – slowly, low, high, quickly

48. Drawing sounds… This sound wave has a _____ frequency:

49. Drawing sounds… This sound wave has a _____ amplitude (loud):
This sound wave has a _____ amplitude (quiet):

50. Hearing problems Our hearing range can be damaged by several things:
Too much ear wax!
Damage to the auditory nerve
Illness or infections
Old age

51. Other sound effects… Like light, sound can be…
Reflected – sound reflections are called ______.
Refracted – this is why you might sound strange if you try talking underwater

52. The Ear Label your diagram with the following:
These bones are vibrated by the eardrum
This tube carries the sound towards the eardrum
This part is used to help us keep our balance
This part “picks up” the vibrations
This part of the ear contains many small hairs with turn vibrations into an electrical signal
This part connects the ear to the mouth
This part “channels” the sound towards the ear drum

53. The Ear