1. Book 11

2. Fear Odysseus and his men leave Circes Island weeping… What was the cause of sadness? What was left behind? Burial customs?

3. Elpenor Left behind unburied Fall from a height to his death, intoxicated Odysseus commits to return to Circes Island What does this interaction reveal about Odysseus nature and qualities?

4. Atmosphere Helios never casts the sun on Hades Surrounded in fog and clouds Land of wretched mortals What do the dead desire? What do Odysseus attempts to ward off the dead reveal about his nature? Would his behavior be seen negatively by any?

5. Tieresias Advice The Shaker of the Earth Contain desire and companions Cattle at Thinakia Harm= loss of companion Borrowed ship Insolent men in household Courting of Penelope

6. Sacrifice Travel to the land where people do not know the sea Die old and in peace

7. Drinking the Blood Offers knowledge Mother: Penelope waits Telemachos as administrator Laertes in a wretched state Death by longing

8. Queens of the Past Tyro- impregnated by Poseidon Antope- impregnated by Zeus Epikaste (Jacosta)- Oedipus wife

9. Interlude Odysseus takes a break! Alkinoos commits to helping Odysseus return home Asks, Did you see nay of your godlike companions, who once with you, went to Ilion and there met their destiny? The story continues… about a man who perished for the sake of a vile woman.

10. Agamemnon (reiterated from the Telemachy) Killed by Klystaimesta Infidelity (Aigisthos) Refused to close eyes or mouth Left sprawled on the wedding floor Many dies because of Helen Caution upon returning to Penelope Return in secret There is no trusting in women.

11. Achilleus Better to live a beggar than rule over the dead Desires to know about his children Neoptolemus- present in the horse Left Troy unscathed In The Illiad Achilleus addresses these words to Odysseus: I hate that man like the very Gates of Death who says one thing but hides another in his heart. Do you think that this is what Odysseus does? Why or why not?

12. Aias Seething with anger Died in battle for Achilleus armor Athene awarded Odysseus

13. Heroes in Torment Tityos- mauled by vultures Tantalos- tormented by thirst Sisyphos- plagued by weakness Heracles- wretched destiny

14. Back to Circes Island

15. Homework Read Book 12